Hi. My name is Jack Deese and in this article I want to continue to share with you some exciting information about one of my very favorite Flight Sims. Be sure to watch all 20 of the Flight Simulator Seminar videos located at http://www.TopFlightSim.com so you too can learn how to fly your favorite airplanes anywhere in the world you choose, any time of the day or night, in any weather good or bad AND without ever leaving the comfort of your home.
The World's Best Flight Sims, in my opinion, is THE most realistic Flight Simulator available today! In fact, I am so impressed with this Flight Sim I have spent a great deal of time creating a series of videos to review and share the fun and excitement of its many features.
And by the way, for what its worth, I have degrees in physics and math and over the years Ive built multiple businesses in such varied areas as the Oil & Gas industry, GPS vehicle tracking, insurance, marketing and the online arena. I only mention that because I know you realize anyone can make a video and write an article and I want you to know there is at least some chance I know what I am talking about.
Joystick:
Although the World's Best Flight Sims works just fine with only a keyboard for controlling flight maneuvers, your enjoyment of the game can be greatly enhanced by adding an appropriate add-on.
If your primary interest is flying WW2 planes or combat flight simulation, you are eventually going to want a joystick or HOTAS. If you are primarily into general aviation, instead of a joystick you will probably want a separate flight simulator controller with at minimum a throttle and mixture and trim control.
Sample Joysticks:
The appropriate joystick will add immeasurably to the realism of your flight experience if your interest is in combat flight simulators. Just imagine yourself in the cockpit of a WW2 German Luftwaffe fighter aircraft. Now imagine how much more realistic your flight will be if you can control your craft with a stick instead of a keyboard!
HOTAS (Hands On Throttle And Stick0:
A design of a fighter cockpit so that every control switch, button, or trigger the pilot needs to operate radar, weapons, and aircraft controls in combat is located either on the throttle or the control column. You can operate all your critical combat flight controls directly from your stick. Now how cool is that!
Gone are the days of using your mouse and keyboard for controlling your aircraft. Now you can purchase just the appropriate joystick or controller that enables you to fly your aircraft without any input on the keyboard or mouse whatsoever.
To find out more about the World's Best Flight Sims, be sure to visit http://www.TopFlightSim.com right away.
About the Author
Jack Deese lives and writes from scenic Colorado. He created a 20 Video Flight Simulator Seminar of what he feels is the finest flight simulator game available today. The Video Series and much more information can be found at http//www.TopFlightSim.com and he can be contacted at support@topflightsim.com
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Heinkel He 162 Luftwaffe Jet Plane Instrument Panel
The international cargo service provides 2 types of transport for your goods.
1 Airline
2 Shipments
Air transport is a vital component of many international logistics networks, essential to managing and controlling the flow of goods, energy, information and other resources like products, services, and people, from the source of production to the marketplace. It is difficult or nearly impossible to accomplish any international trading, global export/import processes, international repositioning of raw materials/products and manufacturing without a professional logistical support. It involves the integration of information, transportation, inventory, warehousing, material handling, and packaging. The operating responsibility of logistics is the geographical repositioning of raw materials, work in process, and finished inventories where required at the lowest cost possible.
Larger cargo airlines tend to use new or recently built aircraft to carry their freight, but many use older aircraft, like the Boeing 707, Boeing 727, Douglas DC-8, DC-10, MD-11, Boeing 747, and the Ilyushin Il-76. Examples of the 60-year-old Douglas DC-3 are still flying around the world carrying cargo (as well as passengers). Short range turboprop airliners such as the An-12, An-26, Fokker Friendship, and British Aerospace ATP are now being modified to accept standard air freight pallets to extend their working lives. This normally involves the replacement of glazed windows with opaque panels, the strengthening of the cabin floor and insertion of a broad top-hinged door in one side of the fuselage.
Cargo ship or freighter is any sort of ship or vessel that carries cargo, goods, and materials from one port to another. Thousands of cargo carriers ply the world's seas and oceans each year; they handle the bulk of international trade. Cargo ships are usually specially designed for the task, often being equipped with cranes and other mechanisms to load and unload, and come in all sizes. Today, they are almost always built of welded steel, and with some exceptions generally have a life expectancy of 25 to 30 years before being scrapped
While looking for the International cargo service provider, you also look for the insurance they provide. Because during the nationwide transport or international shipping your cargo is exposed to possible damages & losses: piracy, tough weather, acts of God or other unexpected situations. It was designed to protect the cargo owner's fiscal interests while the cargo is in transit from the seller to the buyer. It is a very vital, but often left out aspect of the international transaction or a simple household goods move. It seems that people genuinely understand the grounds for insuring their personal residency, automobile and other valuables but tend to consider unnecessary when it comes to insuring cargo shipment.
Did you know that when you move your commodity, vehicle, household goods by air, ocean or land with any transport carrier and damage or loss occurs, the contingent shipment insurance they offer will pay you only... $0. That's not a great deal and by law that's all they're expected to pay you, because contingent insurance is completely subject to the carrier's legal liability and their terms and conditions (tariffs).
You'll be able to purchase a broader shipment insurance coverage with some carriers, but at very high costs and the coverage will still be bounded by their liability and tariffs and probably based on the item weight and not the value. With contingent insurance, you run a risk being postpaid very little for your loss. What you need is primary insurance coverage for all types of shipments, not the limited contingent type provided by freight carriers & moving companies. As a result, manufacturers and exporters turn to the cargo insurance brokers that meet the need for full-value-based insurance to protect your shipment.
This is Jon from <A href="http://www.indian-seo.com">Indian SEO</A>, you can check TNT Website for <A href="http://www.tnt.com/express/en_in/site/home.html">Domestic Cargo Service Provider</A>
"how do you activate ground vehicles and gates on flight sim?"?
i like flying the boeing 737 and 747 and when i land and taxi to the "gates theres nothing there and theres sometimes a truck but it never takes me anywhere what controls do you use to open cargo doors etc and open to the jetway for passengers to get off? i see it all the time but can't figure it out.
Flight sim has a huge list of controls. Just go to setting>options>controls (or some similar structure) and look down the list.
Emirates Air Cargo Boeing 747 Contrails over Berlin (03|21|2011)
ULDs come in two forms: pallets and containers. ULD pallets are rugged sheets of aluminum with rims designed to lock onto cargo net lugs. ULD containers, also known as cans and pods, are closed containers made of aluminum or combination of aluminum (frame) and Lexan (walls), which, depending on the nature of the goods to be transported, may have built-in refrigeration units. Examples of common ULDs and their specifics are listed below.
Volume indicated is internal volume.
Container type
Volume
Linear dimensions
(base width / overall width depth height)
Remarks
LD1
4.90 m3 (173 cu ft)
156 / 234 153 163 cm
(61.5 / 92 60.4 64 in)
contoured, half width
LD2
3.40 m3 (120 cu ft)
119 / 156 153 163 cm
(47 / 61.5 60.4 64 in)
contoured, half width
LD3
4.20 m3 (148 cu ft)
156 / 201 153 163 cm
(61.5 / 79 60.4 64 in)
contoured, half width, dimension according to IATA
LD6
8.95 m3 (316 cu ft)
318 / 407 153 163 cm
(125 / 160 60.4 64 in)
contoured, full width, equivalent to 2 LD3s
LD8
6.88 m3 (243 cu ft)
244 / 318 153 163 cm
(96 / 125 60.4 64 in)
contoured, full width, equivalent to 2 LD2s; DQF-prefix
LD11
7.16 m3 (253 cu ft)
318 153 163 cm
(125 60.4 64 in)
same as LD-6 but without contours; rectangular
Pallet type
Volume
Linear dimensions
Remarks
LD8
6.88 m3 (243 cu ft)
153 244 cm
(60 96 in)
same floor dimensions as container variant; FQA-prefix
LD11
7.16 m3 (253 cu ft)
153 318 cm
(60.4 125 in)
same floor dimensions as container variant; FLA- and PLA-prefixes
LD7
(2 pallet variants)
10.8 m3 (381 cu ft)
11.8 m3 (417 cu ft)
224 318 cm
(88 125 in)
244 318 cm
(96 125 in)
PAG- and P1P-prefixes
PMC- and P6P-prefixes
Pallet volumes shown are built 64 in tall for lower deck loading. Height limit for main deck depends on aircraft type.
Aircraft compatibility
Cross-section of an Airbus 300 showing LD3 containers
LD3s, LD6s, and LD11s will fit 787s, 777s, 747s, MD-11s, Il-86s, Il-96s, L-1011s and all Airbus wide-bodies. The 767 uses the smaller LD2s and LD8s because of its narrower fuselage. The less common LD1 is designed specifically for the 747, but LD3s are more commonly used in its place because of ubiquity (they have the same floor dimensions such that one LD3 takes the place of one LD1). LD7 pallets will fit 787s, 777s, 747s, late model 767s (with the big door), and Airbus wide-bodies.
Interchangeability of certain ULDs between LD3/6/11 aircraft and LD2/8 aircraft is possible when cargo needs to be quickly transferred to a connecting flight. Both LD2s and LD8s can be loaded in LD3/6/11 aircraft, but at the cost of using internal volume inefficiently (33 ft wasted per LD2). Only the LD3 of the LD3/6/11 family of ULDs can be loaded in a 767; it will occupy an entire row where two LD2s or one LD8 would otherwise have fit (90 ft wasted per LD3). Policies vary from airline to airline as to whether such transfers are allowed.
One of the design requirements of the 767's replacement, the 787, was for it to use the LD3/6/11 family of ULDs to solve the wasted volume issue.
ULD capacity
Aircraft loads can consist of containers, pallets, or a mix of ULD types, depending on requirements. The table below indicates the maximum capacity of an aircraft for all-container and all-pallet configurations. In some aircraft the two types must be mixed as some compartments take only specific ULDs.
Container capacity of an aircraft is measured in positions. Each half-width container (LD1/LD2/LD3) in the aircraft it was designed for occupies one position. Typically, each row in a cargo compartment consists of two positions. Therefore, a full-width container (LD6/LD8/LD11) will take two positions. An LD6 or an LD11 can occupy the space of two LD3s. An LD8 takes the space of two LD2s.
Aircraft pallet capacity is measured by how many PMC-type LD7s (96" 125") can be stored. These pallets occupy approximately three LD3 positions (it occupies two positions of one row and half of the two positions of the following row) or four LD2 positions. PMCs can only be loaded in cargo compartments with large doors designed to accept them (small door compartments are container only).
A = Airbus; B = Boeing; L = Lockheed; MD = McDonnell-Douglas; F = freighter; ER = extended range; LR = long range
freighter aircraft, capacity includes all decks A330-200F deck layout
A330-300
32 LD3s
11 pallets
A340-200
26 LD3s
9 pallets
A340-300
32 LD3s
11 pallets
A340-500
30 LD3s
10 pallets
A340-600
42 LD3s
14 pallets
A380-800
38 LD3s
13 pallets
A380-800F
5971 LD3s
66 pallets
freighter aircraft, capacity includes all decks A380-800F deck layout
MD-11F
32 LD3s
26 pallets
L-1011
16 LD3s
none
all series except 500 (250/200/150/100/50/1 series)
L-1011-500
19 LD3s
4 pallets*
*if equipped with fwd cargo 104" door
Il-86
16 LD3s
?
Il-96
18 LD3s
?
Maximum capacity shown does not reflect weight restrictions.
Actual number of ULDs loaded may be lower if aircraft is at its weight limit.
Identification
All ULDs are identified by their ULD number. A three-letter prefix identifies its type, followed by a 4 or 5 digit serial number (4 if prior to October 1, 1993; either 4 or 5 if post October 1, 1993) to uniquely identify it from others of the same type, and ending with a two character (alpha-numerical) suffix identifying the ULD's owner (if an airline, often the same as IATA designator codes). For example, AKN 12345 DL means that the ULD is a forkliftable LD3 with the unique number 12345 and its owner is Delta Air Lines.
Common prefixes
A string of LD3 containers with AKE prefix
An LD3-45 container with AKH prefix
AAA: LD7 container (88" x 125"), 81" tall, contoured for maindeck narrow-body
AAD: LD7 container (88" x 125"), 96" tall, contoured for maindeck wide-body (aka A1)
AAF: LD26 container
AAP: LD9
AAU: LD29 container
AAY: LD7 container (88" x 125"), 81" tall, contoured for maindeck wide-body and narrow-body (aka A2)
AAZ: LD7 container (88" x 125"), 64" tall, contoured for maindeck wide-body and narrow-body and any belly (aka L9)
AGA: M2 container
AKC: LD1 without forklift holes
AKE: LD3 without forklift holes
AKH, AKW: LD3-45 mainly for A320/321, same base as AKE, extensions on both sides, 45 inches high
AKN: LD3 with forklift holes
ALB: LD4 with forklift holes
ALD: LD11 container (aka L11)
ALF: LD6 without forklift holes
ALP: LD11 without forklift holes
ALP: LD4 without forklift holes
AMA: M1 container
AMD: M1H container
AMJ: LD7 container (96" x 125"), 96" tall, contoured for maindeck wide-body (aka M1)
AMU: LD39 container contour similar to ALF, but deeper and bigger extensions. biggest lower-deck container
AVY: LD1 with forklift holes
AWC: LD6 with forklift holes
DPE: LD2 without forklift holes
DPN: LD2 with forklift holes
DQF: LD8 with forklift holes
FLA: LD11 pallet
FQA: LD8 pallet (same floor dimensions as DQF)
HMA: Horse stall
KMA: Sheep and goat pen
P1P: LD7, large pallet (88" x 125"), folding wings for overhang
PAD: LD7, large pallet (88" x 125"), flat
PGA: M6, large pallet, 96 by 238.5 inches. freighter main deck only
PLA: LD11 pallet
PMC: LD7, large pallet (96" x 125")
QKE: LD3 same as AKE but made of KEVLAR and designed to be bombproof. Has no forklift holes
RAP: LD9 with refrigeration unit
RAU: LD29 container with refrigeration unit
RKN: LD3 with refrigeration unit
RWB: LD11 with refrigeration unit
VRA: M6, large pallet, 96 by 196 inches. Twin car rack
XAW: LD7, large pallet (88" x 125"), fixed wings for overhang
Position 1 letter identifies ULD category (certification, ULD type, thermal units);
Position 2 letter identifies standard base dimensions:;
Position 3 letter identifies contour, forklift holes, and other miscellaneous information.
Miscellaneous information
LD7 pallet 244 318 cm
LD3s and LD2s occupy half the width of the cargo bin of the aircraft they are designed for, therefore are loaded two at a time, side-by-side. LD6s and LD8s are, respectively, their full width counterparts and can only be loaded one at a time.
LD2s and LD8s are ULDs designed specifically for one type of aircraft, the 767. This is because the 767 has a narrower fuselage than other wide-body aircraft.
LD1s are ULDs designed specifically for the 747. But LD3s are more commonly used in its place because of ubiquity.
LD7s inexplicably come in two different floor dimensions.
Maximum height for all ULDs is 64" for lower deck of aircraft.
The most common form of ULD damage are holes in container walls from improper forklifting.
Main Deck ULDs
On the main deck of cargo planes are 79 to 96 inches (2,007 to 2,438 mm) tall ULDs with footprints similar to those of 88 inches (2,235 mm) or 96 inches (2,438 mm) wide pallets and 62 inches (1,575 mm) or 125 inches (3,175 mm) long. A 62-inch (1,575 mm) wide x 88-inch (2,235 mm) tall ULD is half the volume of a 125-inch (3,175 mm) x 88 inch pallet. The 20 foot pallet is 238 inches (6,045 mm) long and 96 inches (2,438 mm) wide.
There several common types of contoured main deck ULDs, that are contoured (curved to fit in the plane) to provide as much cargo volume as possible. Initially ULD contouring was simply a triangle removed from one or two corners of the profile of the ULD, such as the common LD3 and LD6. Main deck ULDs use curves for the contoured shape to truly maximize cargo volume. Upper deck ULDs are just like lower deck ULDs that are either the full width of the plane with two corners of the profile removed (lower deck LD6 lower, and upper deck AYY), or that container is cut in half, down the center line of the plane, (lower deck LD3 and upper deck AAX).
Main Deck ULDs and pallets are not only taller than lower deck ULDs, they are frequently two or four times longer. They are usually organized like an LD6, using the width of the plane and missing two profile corners, or two very long LD3s, stored in parallel to use the planes width and each missing one profile corner, but often twice or four times as long from planes nose to tail.
Many air cargo companies use main deck ULDs that have both features called dual-profile, so that on small planes such as the Boeing 727, they are stored widthwise and have two corners contoured, and on the bigger Boeing 767, they can be rotated 90 degrees and shipped in parallel like LD3s, so that only one corner is contoured when being used like an LD3. This greatly simplifies transportation of cargo containers at slight cost of cargo volume.
What the actual dimensions of contoured upper deck ULDs are is very hard to know, because most manufacturers only profile width, length and height data.
See also
463L master pallet, used for military airdrops
Containerization
Intermodal container
Norsk Hydro, parent company of Hydro Nordisk, a manufacturer of ULDs
Rio Tinto Alcan, formerly Alusuisse, a manufacturer of ULDs
Unit load
Shipping container
References
^ a b c d "747-400/-400ER, Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning", Section 2, Boeing, December 2002.
^ a b c d e f g h i "767-200/200ER/300/300ER/300 Freighter/400ER, Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning", Section 2, Boeing, September 2005.
^ "727, Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning", Section 2, Boeing, April 1985.
^ "747-100/-200/-300/-SP, Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning", Section 2, Boeing, May 1984.
^ a b "777-200LR/-300ER/Freighter, Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning", Section 2, Boeing, December 2007.
^ "MD-11, Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning", Section 2, Boeing, August 1998.
^ a b c d Guide to Air Freight Containers
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af "Boeing Cargo", Boeing, August 2008.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Unit Load Devices
Air Freight Container Specifications
Categories: Aviation terminology | Freight equipment | Shipping containers About the Author
What was the name of Wiley Post and Will Rodgers airplane that crashed in the early 1900s?
It was a Lockheed Vegal plane.
I believe it was the Winnie Mae. In Oklahoma we have an airport named after both of these guys. It's only mildly creepy to constantly be reminded of the potential for a plane crash everytime you fly out.
Extremely short take off Lockheed C-5 Galaxy America's biggest plane
Cycling The Ho Chi Minh Trail Tour,Biking in Ho Chi Minh Trail
Cycling in Ho Chi Minh Trail Tour
Code: VNBKTD18 Duration: 14 & 15 Days Itinerary in brief Day 1: Arrival in Hanoi Day 2: Hanoi - Phu Yen. Day 3: Phu Yen - Mai Chau. Day 4: Mai Chau - Tan Ky. Day 5: Tan Ky - Phong Nha. Day 6: Phong Nha - Dong Hoi. Day 7: Dong Hoi - Khe Sanh. Day 8: Khe Sanh - Hue. Day 9: Hue - Hoi An. Day 10: Hoi An. Day 11: Hoi An - Kon Tum. Day 12: Kon Tum - Buon Ma Thuot. Day 13: Buon Ma Thuot - Nha Trang. Day 14: Nha Trang. Farewell lunch. Day 15: Departure
Detail Itinerary
OPTION: 01
Day 1: Arrival in Hanoi Arriving in Hanoi, you will clear customs and immigration. Leaving the airport, you will be met by your guide, holding a sign with your name on it. He will transfer you to your hotel. The rest of day is free to wash up and rest. In the evening we will attend the famous Water Puppet Show, with its introduction to Vietnamese history and mythology. At night, you will have a Welcome dinner with local delights. Overnight in Hanoi.
Day 2: Hanoi - Phu Yen Ride to Phu Yen on country road with a stop in Son Tay. On November 20-21, 1970, a joint force composed of USAF Special Operations and rescue personnel and U.S. Army Special Forces, supported by U.S. Navy Carrier Task Force 77, made a daring raid on the Son Tay prison camp located less than 50 miles from Hanoi. The objective was to rescue as many as 100 U.S. captives thought to be held there. The assault troops, in six ARRS helicopters accompanied by two C-130 aircraft, flew 640km to Son Tay from bases in Thailand. U.S. Navy pilots made a diversionary raid while 116 USAF and Navy aircraft from seven air bases and three aircraft carriers flew refueling, surface-to-air missile suppression, fighter cover, close air support, early warning, communications support and reconnaissance missions. There was no prisoners found in camp. After lunch, ride on the winding mountain road to Phu Yen to take in some of the best mountain views in Northwest Vietnam and overnight in Hoang Gia Hotel.(L, D) Cycling : 80km
Day 3: Phu Yen - Mai Chau There are many small roads that lead into the mountains around Mai Chau so we'll take the chance to ride out to isolated H'mong, Dao and Thai villages. We will take on the challenge of an old road built by the French army and spend the afternoon exploring nearby villages. Overnight in a Thai ethnicity stilt house in Mai Chau. (B, L, D) Cycling: 80km
Day 4: Mai Chau - Tan Ky Ride on a small, spectacular and paved trail along the Ma river until Cam Thuy town where we stop for lunch. Hit the Ho Chi Minh trail (now a newly built highway) all the way to Tan Ky town where we spend the night in a hotel. (B, L, D) Cycling: 90km
Day 5: Tan Ky - Phong Nha Ride on Ho Chi Minh Highway until Pho Chau where we stop to visit the HCM Trail victory monument which is in fact the real starting point of our HCM Trail ride.
Ride all the way to Phong Nha - Ke Bang, the biggest and also the most beautiful cave in Vietnam and Indochina and is now a UNESCO World Natural Heritage site. The karst formation of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park has evolved since the Paleozoic (some 400 million years ago) and so is the oldest major karst area in Asia. Subject to massive tectonic changes, the park's karst landscape is extremely complex with many geographic features of considerable significance. The vast area, extending to the border of the Lao People's Democratic Republic, contains spectacular formations including 65 km of caves and underground rivers. (B, L, D) Cycling: 80km
Day 6: Phong Nha - Dong Hoi Boating and exploring World Heritage site of Phong Nha where local civilians and military sheltered from incessant bombing during wartime. Then we drive down to the coastal town of Dong Hoi, which was heavily shelled by US warships during the war. At a hotel over looking the beach, we can take in some sunbathing by the beach. Overnight in Dong Hoi. (B, L, D) Cycling: 60km
Day 7: Dong Hoi - Khe Sanh We strike south through foothills which were once sprayed heavily by Agent Orange towards the former DMZ. There is still much evidence of bombing on the mountain sides and from time to time we will see remnants of the original Trail. We take in the Vinh Moc tunnel, the famous Hien Luong Bridge (former demarcation line between North and South Vietnam, the Truong Son Cemetery and finally Khe Sanh (former US Marine base). Overnight in Khe Sanh. (B, L, D) Cycling: 90km
Day 8: Khe Sanh - Hue In the morning we head south over the Da Krong Bridge (built by the Cubans in 1973) into the infamous A Shau valley, an area of intense wartime activity. Passing Hamburger Hill and mountains still barren due to the extended effects of Agent Orange, we arrive at A Luoi, where there are many Bru Van hill tribe people. Then, cruising through green back country down the steep Me Oi Pass, we continue on to the beautiful city of Hue which lies along the banks of the Perfume River. Overnight in Hue. (B, L, D) Cycling: 80km
Day 9: Hue - Hoi An See the Forbidden Citadel in the morning. Join the National Highway 1 and head up the Hai Van Pass (Cloudy Pass) before the World Heritage site of Hoi An, a major trading centre in SE Asia in the 16th and 17th centuries. Overnight in Hoi An. (B, L, D) Cycling: 80km
Day 10: Hoi An Whole morning exploring the old town of Hoi An. Afternoon at the Cua Dai beach, about 6km from the old town.
The former harbour town of the Champa people at the estuary of the Thu Bon river was an important Vietnamese trading centre in the 16th and 17th centuries, where Chinese from various provinces as well as Japanese, Dutch and Indians settled down. During this period of the China trade, the town was called Hai Pho (Seaside Town) in Vietnamese. During the French colonial period (1883 - 1945), it was called Faifo. Originally Hai Pho was a divided town, because across the "Japanese Bridge", it used to be the Japanese settlement (16th - 17th century). The bridge (Chua Cau) is a unique covered structure built by the Japanese, the only known covered bridge with a Buddhist pagoda attached to one side.
The town is known to the French and Spanish as Faifo, and by similar names in Portuguese and Dutch. A number of theories have been put forth as to the origin of this name. Some scholars have suggested that it comes from the word "Hai pho" meaning "sea town", while others have said that it seems more likely to simply be a shortening of Hoi An pho, "the town of Hoi An", to "Hoi pho" which became "Faifo".
In 1999, the old town was declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO (the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) as a well-preserved example of a Southeast Asian trading port of the 15th to 19th centuries, whose buildings display a unique blend of local and foreign influences.
Today, Hoi An is still a small city, but it attracts a fair number of tourists, also being a well established place on the backpacker trail. Many visit for the numerous art and craft shops and tailors, who produce made-to-measure clothes for a fraction of the western price. (B, L, D)
Day 11: Hoi An - Kon Tum We strike back up to the mountains, rejoining the Trail at Phuoc Son (also known as Kham Duc). From there we head up the towering Lo So Pass, passing through remote areas thinly populated by peoples of the Ba Na ethnicity. Edging close to the border with Laos, where a number of Trail arteries crossed over in Laos, we continue on to Kon Tum.Overnight in Kon Tum. Cycling: 80km
Day 12: Kon Tum - Buon Ma Thuot In the morning we head south through the Central Highlands, passing Pleiku and the Ia Drang valley battlefield, before continuing onto Buon Ma Thuot (also known as Buon Me Thuot), the city where northern forces launched their final assault on the then Saigon. Buon Ma Thuot produces most and best coffee products in Vietnam.Overnight in Buon Ma Thuot. Cycling: 80km
Day 13: Buon Ma Thuot - Nha Trang We take an easy drive back down off the Tay Son highlands towards the coast, arriving at Highway 1 some 30 km north of Nha Trang. Taking in this scenic coastal stretch past turquoise waters and scarlet fishing boats, we arrive in the bright lights of Nha Trang and its relaxing holiday options.Overnight in Nha Trang. Cycling: 80km
Day 14: Nha Trang (relax) A free day by the beach before gathering for a seafood feast to recount our adventure and toast the Ho Chi Minh Trail. There are two options: Return to Hanoi on train or by air or go down South on your own.
Day 15: Departure Free until time to be transferred to the airport for your flight home.
OPTION: 02
Day1: Hanoi Arrival Arriving in Hanoi, you will clear customs and immigration. Leaving the airport, you will be met by your guide, holding a sign with your name on it. He will transfer you to your hotel. The rest of day is free to wash up and rest. In the evening we will attend the famous Water Puppet Show, with its introduction to Vietnamese history and mythology. At night, you will have a welcome dinner with local delights. Overnight in Hanoi. Day 2: Hanoi - Mai Chau - Biking to Pu Luong (Hang Village) Leave Hanoi at 8 am. We drive southwest to Ma Chau, the gateway to the impressive mountainous area of northern Vietnam. The drive is very nice with stunning view of mountains, valleys, sugarcane farms and rice paddies. We would have a stop en route for refreshment. Upon arrival in Mai Chau we have a lunch stop in Pom Coong, a village of Thai ethnic minority. We will have lunch in a local house. After lunch we embark on a biking on village road to Hin, a village of Thai minority group which is located within Pu Luong Nature Reserve. We will first bike on beautiful tar road through Mai Chau valley before jumping into undulating dirt paths. We reach Hang Village around 5 pm. We will have dinner and overnight in a traditional stilt-house of a Thai family. (B, L, D) Biking:40km - unpaved bumpy road - Moderate grade
Day 3: Climbing mountain slopes to Hin Village Today is a tough day with long climb on mix of dirt paths and village roads. In the morning we climb mainly. In the afternoon we enjoy easier ride slightly downhill to Hin, a village of Thai minority. Great mountain view and scenic villages. Lunch in local house en route. Dinner and overnight in Hin village. (B, L, D) Biking:30km - unpaved bumpy road - Challenging grade
Day 4: Downhill ride to Canh Nang Town - Ngoc Lac After breakfast we say good bye to the villagers and ride toward Ma River passing expansive maize fields. Near the river we would see many water wheels which used by the local to water their farms. We cross the river on bridge and have lunch in Canh Nang town. After lunch we can continue biking along Ma River with the road gets more beautiful the closer you ride to Ngoc Lac with looming karst limestone cliffs and lush vegetation. The route is tarmac all the way, but quite hard riding due to the undulating terrain. Overnight in local hotel Ngoc Lac. (B, L, D) Biking: 80km - unpaved bumpy road - Moderate grade
Day5: Ngoc Lac - Thai Hoa Ride for the first time on the newly built two lanes Ho Chi Minh Highway. It hardly warrants two lanes as there is no traffic! The road makes for smooth fast riding, and for those who prefer there is always the old highway dirt and gravel - that weaves around the new highway allowing for plenty of exploring possibilities along the way. Ride to Muc Son, on the banks of River Song Chu. On the outskirts of this small town are the famous Kan Linh historical relics - a pagoda where the first king of the Ly dynasty, Le Thai To, ruled, in 1428. Continue riding on the trail to Yen Cat. The distance covered today is quite long and there will be the chance to transfer some sections by the back-up vehicle to rest weary legs. There are fewer villages today as the route cuts through forests and jungle. Picnic lunch en route. Overnight Thai Hoa guesthouse. (B, L, D) Biking: 80km - Moderate grade
Day6: Thai Hoa - Nghe An Continue riding the incredible Ho Chi Minh Trail. Have lunch in Lat town. In Kim Lien visit the famousmuseum and birthplace of Ho Chi Minh in 1890. This province has a reputation for producing charismatic revolutionary leaders; not only Ho Chi Minh but also Phan Boi Chau – another fervent anti colonialist -was born here. Overnight in Nghe An Town (B, L, D) Biking: 80km - Moderate grade
Day7: Nghe An - Khuong Khe After a relaxing breakfast continues riding on the Ho Chi Minh Trail. The trail is still a dream to ride on. Again there is virtually no traffic. Transfer if tired in the afternoon to Huong Khe for overnight in a local guesthouse. (B, L, D) Biking: 80km - Moderate grade
Day8: Huong Khe - Phong Nha National Park From Huong Khe the mountains rise and the road winds up, down and along the hillsides. The scenery is spectacular, the road tranquil. Ride up to 80km then transfer the last few km to Phong Nha National Park. The park contains one of the most spectacular caves in Vietnam; it is a true speleological wonder. Visit the cave by boat then wander through the cavern, past the foundations of ancient Cham ruins. Pause to admire the incredible formation of stalactites and stalagmites. Formed approximately 250 million years ago and during the American war, the North Vietnam army had used Phong Nha cave as a hospital and ammunition depot. The entrance still showing evidence of fighter aircraft attacks. There are community projects underway with Flora and Fauna International and it may be possible to visit village initiatives and learn more about the forests of the National Park. Overnight at the National Park. (B, L, D) Biking: 55km - Moderate grade
Day9: Phong Nha - Dong Hoi Boating and exploring World Heritage site of Phong Nha where local civilians and military sheltered from incessant bombing during wartime. Then we drive down to the coastal town of Dong Hoi, which was heavily shelled by US warships during the war. At a hotel over looking the beach, we can take in some sunbathing by the beach. Overnight in Dong Hoi. (B, L, D) Biking: 50km - Moderate grade
Day 10: Dong Hoi - Dong Ha -Vinh Moc - Dong Ha Today we continue south along Highway 1 using both our bicycles and our support vehicle. We reach the town of Dong Ha where we stay for the night. In reaching Dong Ha we pass through the DMZ (Demilitarized Zone), scene of some of the bitterest fighting during the American War. Here we will visit Vinh Moc tunnels to see at first hand how the Viet Cong fought. The stretch of tunnels runs for nearly 3km and have not been altered for the tourists benefit. (B, L, D) Biking: 63km - Moderate grade
Day 11: Dong Ha - Hue Today we drive to the former Imperial capital and cultural centre of Vietnam, Hue. After all check-in formalities are done, we set out our bike and explore this ancient city. (B, L, D) Biking: 78km - Moderate grade
Day 12: Hue - Hoi An Hue was the capital of Vietnam under the Nguyen Dynasty of emperors from 1802 till 1945. In the morning cycle to the elaborate mausoleums of Emperor Tu Duc and Khai Dinh along the banks of the Perfume River . Leave Hue in the afternoon for the ancient trading port of Hoi An 120km to the south via the spectacular Pass of Ocean Clouds . Arrive in Hoi An late afternoon and transfer to hotel. Overnight in Hoi An.(B, L, D) Biking: 70km - Moderate grade
Day 13: Hoi An Leave Hoi An after breakfast and cycle to the sacred Marble Mountains where caves contain dozens of Buddhist shrines. Stop off at Da Nang to visit the famous China Beach , once a 'rest and recreation' resort for American servicemen. Return to Hoi An for lunch and spend the afternoon discovering the delights of Hoi An's historic town centre or perhaps cycle to Cua Dai Beach 5km away. Overnight in Hoi An.(B, L, D) Biking: 30km- Moderate grade
Day14: Hoi An Departure today we have free time until transfer to airport for your departure . (B)
I am going into the air force feb. 23rd 2010 and this is going to be my job and i read the summary of the job so i know the basics and i talked to my recruiter about it has anyone been in the USAF and has been in or around this job? i just want some info on it like if its fun and you look forward to doing it everyday and do you check the systems and what not everyday? or what do you do on a day to day basis?
Crew chiefing is fun shit man, you gotta be able to handle working shitty hours and kinda shitty conditions, but its not that bad, i am a CC on the f-22 in alaska, so far i love my job
For those who recall the 70s, you also most likely recall the days of disco. It came, it was great and then it disappeared. What happened to disco and all the musicians who became sensations from it?
According to historians, disco died on a specific day, July 12, 1979. This was due to an anti-disco demonstration held in Chicago. During a White Sox doubleheader, disco records were blown up and riots broke out due to rock station DJs push to kill the genre. Others feel disco just fizzled out due to a bad economy and the burnout that followed the hedonistic lifestyle that went hand-in-hand with disco. Whatever it was, after the riot, the top six records on the U.S. charts which were of the disco genre fell from the top ten. Radio stations followed suit, not wanting to be associated with a genre that society was beginning to protest against, they stopped playing any disco themed music. Country music then began to come to the forefront, thanks to John Travolta's shift from Saturday Night Fever to Urban Cowboy.
On television, a new sitcom called WKRP in Cincinnati, also promoted a disgust toward disco. Before long, the genre completely slipped away.
If you weren't around in the 70s, you might wonder what disco was and why it was such a big sensation.
As rock and roll became 'whiter and whiter', disco opened the door for African American performers as well as gays. In the 1960s, it was illegal for men to dance together, disco changed that. Then, in 1977, the film Saturday Night Fever was released. The main character, John Travolta, a white male, starred in the show. The release of the film broadened disco's popularity beyond its primarily gay and black audience. The movie's success also pushed disco worldwide.
Musicians that became sensations in the disco era included Donna Summer, The Bee Gees, KC and the Sunshine Band, Chic and The Jacksons. Summer would be the first well-known and most popular artist giving her the title "Queen of Disco."
With the popularity of the music came clubs dedicated to disco, which were called discotheques. Almost all major US cities had thriving disco clubs. Private loft parties were also held where DJ's would play disco hits. With disco came the added technological innovation of adding light shows. Entertainment was based on multiple and simultaneous sounds, images and lights which catered hallucinogenic states. People were experimenting more with psychedelic drugs and of course speed to keep up their energy on the dance floor. Club goers never seemed to tire but could dance all night long.
Discos seemed more like big ring circuses. Playing on that theme, one of the more popular discotheques in New York was indeed called the Electric Circus. Inside, emphasis was on charade and masquerade. One could even purchase clothes, furbelows and feathers.
If you didn't know how to disco dance, most cities had instructors. Dances included touch dancing, the hustle and the cha cha.
Disco indeed was a phenomena and one that has seen a few small resurgences. While it might be dead, many of us can still enjoy its music with fond memories.
Top Disco Songs and Their Musicians: ABBA - Dancing Queen Bay City Rollers - Saturday Night Bee Gees - Night Fever Bee Gees - Stayin' Alive Blondie - Heart Of Glass Alicia Bridges - I Love The Nightlife Chic - Le Freak Earth, Wind & Fire - September Yvonne Elliman - If I Can't Have You Gloria Gaynor - I Will Survive Michael Jackson - Don't Stop Til You Get Enough KC & The Sunshine Band - That's The Way (I Like It) Kool & The Gang - Celebration Lipps Inc. - Funkytown Diana Ross - Upside Down Sister Sledge - We Are Family Donna Summer - Hot Stuff Donna Summer - Last Dance Van McCoy - The Hustle The Village People - Y.M.C.A. The Weather Girls - It's Raining Men
About the Author
Jeff Bachmeier is owner of 977music.com, an online music and online radio station network providing live streaming Internet Radio channels with music from the 50's thru Today. Users can also choose to create their own customized on demand playlist through their own social media profile. For more information please visit http:///www.977music.com.
Did Boyzone (the UK boyband from the 90's) do a version of the Bee Gee classic 'How deep is your love?"
I found a version of Boyzone singing the song 'How deep is your love' but I dont think it sounds like them! So im wondering if anyone knows if they did record a version of it or its another band calling themselves 'Boyzone'
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