Flight News On Airbus Single-Aisle Upgrade Tussle & Experts Zero In On Jet-Ice Risk
Airbus takes lead in the single-aisle upgrade tussle as it announces,
New Engines for the A320
Airbus has decide to offer for its best-selling A320 Family new fuel saving engines as an option with airlines now having the choice between CFM Internationals LEAP-X engine and Pratt& Whitney's Pure Power PW1100G engine.
Known as the A320neo, this new engine option also incorporates fuel-saving large wing tip devices called Sharklets.Airbus will start deliveries of the A320neo Family in spring 2016.
Airbus move to offer new engines for its A320 aircraft series is set to intensify competition with Boeing in the biggest part of the civil aviation market and may force its rival to follow suit.
Airbus unveiled its decision after the two companies had circled each other for months over who would make the first move. Boeing panned the announcement as a "attempt to reach the superior performance "of its own 737 aircraft.
The A320neo will not only deliver significant fuel savings of up to 15% ,which represents up to 3600 tones of CO2 savings annually per aircraft,but,in addition,A320neo customers will benefit from a double-digit reduction in NOX emissions, reduced engine noise, lower operating costs and up to 500 nautical miles more range or two tones more payload.
Airbus sees a market potential of 4000 A320neo Family aircraft over the next 15 years. "We are confident that the A320neo will be a great success across all markets and with all types of operators, offering them maximum benefit with minimum change. We are leveraging a reliable, mature aircraft and are making it even more efficient and environmentally friendly," said Tom Enders, Airbus president and CEO.
Over the past months, Airbus has taken the time to carefully assess and weigh up the benefits of the A320neo business case with the allocation of the highly skilled engineering resources needed while securing the engineering skills required on other Airbus aircraft programmes.
"Finding the necessary resources for the A320neo wasn't exactly a walk in the park," Enders added. "The enabler was a devise a stringent phasing of critical engineering assets throughout our various development programmes and to optimize the management and organization of all our programmes and R$D projects. Our international engineering centres, suppliers and partners play a big role in this."
The new engine option is offered on the A321, A320 and A319 models which will require limited modifications, primarily to the wing and pylon areas. The A320neo will have over 95% airframe commonality with the standard A320 Family.
Although the A320neo has the same fuselage as previous iterations, a new wing-engine pylon design is necessary to accommodate the new engines which are larger than the CFM556 and the IAE V2500 turbofans which currently power the A320 Family aircraft. Although existing A320s cannot be retrofitted with the engines and pylons Airbus customers with existing orders for future deliveries can alter these orders to acquire A320neo aircraft instead.
Airbus' new "Sharklet" large wingtip devices have been specially designed to enhance the eco-efficiency and payload-range performance of the A320 Family. Offered as a forward –fit option, Sharklets are expected to result in at least 3,5% lower fuel burn over longer sectors. The A320 will be the first model fitted with Sharklets, which will be delivered around the end of 2012, to be followed by the other A320 Family models from 2013.
Airbus claims the A320 Family is recognized as the benchmark single-aisle aircraft family. With over 6700 aircraft sold, and more than4400 aircraft delivered to some 310 customers and operators worldwide, it boasts 99, 7% reliability and extended servicing periods. The A320 Family is also said to have the lowest operating costs of any single-aisle aircraft.
Added Competition from Boeing
Aviation experts say that Boeing may now have no option but to follow in Airbus' footsteps if it wants to remain competitive."There's a 95% chance that Boeing, too, will decide to re-engine," said Yan Derocles, an analyst at Paris-based Oddo Securities. They don't have any other choice. They can allow themselves six months or so to see what response Airbus gets before making a definitive decision."
Success in the single-aisle market determines the pecking order in the industry because both Airbus and Boeing derive the bulk of their earnings from these aircraft. Airbus made its name with the A320, introduced in 1988 with novelties such as fly-by-wire electronic handling, and has racked up 6745 orders for the series, to leapfrog Boeing as industry leader in 2003.
Airbus has said that engineering the changes on the A320neo would probably cost no more than $2-billion, a fraction of the money a new aircraft would devour.
Both the A320 and B737 are twin-engine models that seat about 125 to 185 people. List prices for each plane range from about $65-million to $95-million, depending on the version. A successor to the A320 will not come before the middle of the next decade because engines will not be advanced enough before then to justify the development expense, Airbus has argued.
Boeing retains the ability to add new engines to its 737 airliner or develop new model, the company has said. The existing 737 will achieve a two percent fuel saving from the middle of this year. By 2012 consumption will have improved by seven percent since the models introduction, it said.
Unlike the A320, the Boeing 737 now only comes with a single engine, made by the CFM International, a joint venture of General Electric Co. and Safran SA.Fitting different engines under the wing would be more challenging for the Chicago-based manufacturer because the aircraft already sits so close to the ground that the landing gear would need to be redesigned to allow clearance for the newer, bigger engines.
Jim Albaugh,CEO of Boeing Commercial Airplanes, said in an interview last month that the business case for new engines "is not as compelling as we'd like to see," even after Boeing customers including Southwest Airlines Inc. and Ryanair Holding Plc urged manufacturers to offer powering options that would increase fuel efficiency.
Airbus took its time to decide on the new plane, as it was already working on the A350 wide-body airliner that would enter service in 2013 and was trying to increase production on its A380, which has suffered delays, CEO Tom Enders said. Engineers needed for the revised A320 would come from the A380 and A400M programmes, and would not be diverted from the A350, he said.
The new A320,dubbed"neo" for new-engine-option ,promises cash operating costs that are eight percent lower than those of the current model, sales chief John Leahy said in an interview.
He expected that customers would likely wait until later this year before ordering the new variant, which will cost $6-million more. The new engines would likely come from either GE or P&W, he added.
"It was a no brainer," Leahy commented.
"We know the business case is excellent."
Experts Zero In On Jet-Ice Risk
International Aviation Safety experts are targeting an emerging flight hazard: tiny, high-altitude ice crystals than can clog airspeed sensors on jetliners and, in extreme cases, even cause aircraft to lose lift and stop flying.
Boeing and Air France-KLM SA have been leading a broad study delving into this previously little-understood icing phenomenon, according to industry officials briefed on the preliminary findings. The conclusions are likely to prompt a major push for changes in the way regulators, aircraft manufacturers and parts suppliers confront such dangers.
The companies were advocating adoption of tougher industry-wide testing requirements for the sensors, the officials said, along with new procedures and more-precise checklists to help pilots maintain control of commercial jets if their airspeed indicators suddenly malfunction or fail.
The crystals-typically suspended above intense storms and found circulating on top of towering clouds where they are invisible to both pilots and weather radar-are small enough to penetrate heated pitot tubes mounted outside the fuselage. The crystals quickly melt but, under extremely cold conditions, may refreeze, according to the study and independent safety experts, sending incorrect or wildly fluctuating speed indications to the cockpit. Pitot tubes use external air temperature and pressure to calculate changes in speed.
The result can be that autopilots shut off; pilots lose altitude readings and receive false warnings about exceeding allowable speeds. The combination of factors can prompt crews to reduce thrust, momentarily lose control or even inadvertently stall the aircraft.
The study was prompted partly by the June 2009 crash of an Air France Airbus A330 as it flew through a particularly violet storm system on the way to Paris from Rio de Janeiro.All 228 people aboard Flight 447 perished after at least two of its three speed sensors apparently malfunctioned, resulting in a cascade of failures affecting flight-management computers, automated flight controls and other vital systems.
An international team of investigators has not been able to determine exactly why the wide body jet went down, partly because its flight-data and cockpit –voice recorders have not been recovered from the ocean. Airbus officials are gearing up for a fourth attempt, probably early this year, to have rescue crews try to locate the "black boxes."
The high-profile crash-followed by revelations that both Airbus and Air France for years had been aware of chronic pitot tube problems on certain families of jets-sparked a broader review of the relevant science and technology .US and European regulators ordered swift replacement of suspect tubes on hundreds of Airbus aircraft, and began work to draft more-stringent testing standards for next-generation devices.
The Boeing –Air France effort goes further by striving to thoroughly understand the reasons behind the formation and behaviour of the tiny crystals.
The companies also have teamed up to look at what happens to pitot tubes at substantially higher altitudes and colder temperatures than previously considered .Many of today's sensors are certified to operate at up to 40000 feet and minus 40 degrees Celsius, while many experts want details about reliability in conditions around minus 65 degrees Celsius.
Senior Air France officials declined to comment on the conclusions so far, referring questions to aircraft and hardware manufacturers. A Boeing spokesman said it was premature to comment. Airbus, a unit of European Aeronautical Defense and Space Co, has been informed about the study, but officials declined to comment.
Not a New Concept
Concern about ice building up on wings, coating speed sensors and disrupting airflow through engines is hardly a new concept. Going back to the 1940s, when commercial air travel was in its infancy, pilots recognized the dangers of flying through freezing rain.
As technology advanced, pitot tubes became better heated and ice formations could be readily detected by onboard weather radar. Until recently, though, air-safety experts did not fully recognize the heightened dangers posed by the smallest crystals. They also are grappling with the intricacies of how crystals refreeze and distort speed readings.
Safety experts are also increasingly turning their attention to training and emergency techniques aimed at helping pilots maintain steady speed and level flight-particularly at night or in turbulence –despite unreliable speed indications. The FAA is working with manufacturers, industry groups and foreign regulators "to expand the icing environment," or the range of icing conditions, used to certify new sensor designs.
The anti-icing drive could go public early next year as Boeing and other companies solicit additional support and strive for consensus on how pilots should respond to airspeed emergencies .Air France already has made some adjustments in its pilot training.
Many industry experts, however, believe a common approach should be adopted by all airlines, regardless of whether they fly Boeing or Airbus models.
In the wake of the 2009 A330 crash, French investigators identified what they described as more than a dozen "significant "events in which airspeed sensors malfunctioned.
Barely three weeks after that accident, the US National Transportation Safety Board was looking at a pair of international flights, including a Northwest Airlines A330 airliner, which suffered a series of equipment and computer malfunctions similar to those encountered by Air France Flight 447 .The Northwest A330 was cruising at 39000 feet on autopilot near Kagoshima, Japan, when it encountered intense rain and both the captains and co-pilots airspeed indicators immediately showed a huge rollback in the planes forward velocity.
With autopilot and automatic-throttle controls disengaged, the cockpit was filled with beeps and bright warning signals indicating various system problems.
The Northwest crew said the event lasted more than three minutes, but they maintained airspeed, manually flew the most direct route out of the storm and nobody was hurt.
What does the 6M stand for? This is the plane model that KLM flew through a cloud of volcanic ash ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLM_Flight_867 ).
Am I correct in saying that 6M stands for KLM in some way? Is there a list of what these codes mean, and what are they called?
Boeing customized each airplane sold to the individual airlines request. The M designates it was sold to KLM. The 406 designates that it was it the sixth 747-400 delivered to them. It's only a Boeing number. It has nothing to do with the aircrafts registration.
KLM Boeing B747-400 Landing St. Maarten Cockpit view
Flight simulator5 has some unique features which makes it different from other flight simulators, the flight simulator5 is also known as flight simulator 2005, flight simulator5 allows its users to become real aircraft pilot very specially of the Large Boeing 747, using one of the 32 liveries along with a stereo sounds, detailed panel, 550 ready to use flight with ABL adventure manager which allows them to provide (create) their own adventurous flight.
This flight simulator5 is an upgrade of the last release, it is also designed to work easily with Microsoft flight simulator 2004 only.
Here are some features of Flight Simulaot5, who makes it unique and different in its category
* Flight simulator5 has a panel of the Boeing 747.
* Flight simulator5 has the stereo sound system.
* Flight simularor5 includes Air Force One, Air China, Air Lingus, Saudi Arabian, Japan Airlines, Kim Airlines, Canadian Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Lauda Airlines, American Airlines, Marti Air, Argentinean Airlines, and also Turkish Airline.
* Flight simulaot5 has a very reflective textured mapping system which is very reliable and convenient for use.
* There is an extensive manual for the Boeing 747-400.
* The pilot has full access to all the documents inside the kneeboard along with an interactive checklist.
* There is a fleet of 550 planes ranging from the historic planes to the most advanced, modern planes that can be used in the flight simulator.
* This version allows the pilot to design his own adventurous flight.
* This Simulator gives a log book for the pilot, record of hours, statistics of the flight duration, the flight has flown, etc.
With these great features, anyone will like to try the flight simulator5. It is more attractive and easy to use as it give all the provisions to the pilot to maintain all the necessary records needed to be maintain during the flight.
The son of a construction engineer and a teacher, he was named Clyde Groce Corrigan after his father, but legally adopted the name Douglas as an adult. The family moved often, until his parents finally divorced and shared custody of their children. Corrigan finally settled with his mother, brother Harry, and sister Evelyn in Los Angeles. Quitting high school, he went to work in construction.
In October 1925, Corrigan saw people paying to be taken for short rides in a Curtiss JN-4 "Jenny" biplane near his home. He paid the $2.50 for his own ride. A week later, he began flying lessons, spending non-flying time watching and learning from local aircraft mechanics. After twenty lessons, he made his first solo flight on March 25, 1926.
Aircraft mechanic
Corrigan beside his jerry-built aircraft
B. F. Mahoney and T. Claude Ryan, aircraft manufacturers, operated Ryan Aeronautical Company from the airfield where Corrigan learned to fly. They hired him for their San Diego factory. Charles Lindbergh commissioned the design and construction of the Spirit of St. Louis from the company shortly after Corrigan joined them. Corrigan was responsible for the wing assembly and the installation of the gas tanks and instrument panel. He and his colleague Dan Burnett increased the lift of the aircraft by extending the wing ten feet (three metres) longer than any previous Ryan design. Corrigan pulled the chocks from the Spirit of St Louis when Lindbergh took off from San Diego to New York prepare for his historic flight.
After Lindbergh's success, Corrigan decided to duplicate it and selected Ireland as his objective. He discussed the idea with friends and mentioned flying without permission. When Ryan Aeronautical moved to St. Louis in October 1928, Corrigan stayed in San Diego as a mechanic for the newly formed Airtech School. With more than 50 students flying each day, Corrigan could only get flight time during his lunch break.
During his short flights, Corrigan performed aerobatic stunts. His favourite maneuver was the chandelle (a 180-degree turn while climbing steeply) in strings of up to a dozen, spiralling from close to the ground. The company disapproved and prohibited him from performing stunts in the company aircraft. Corrigan simply flew to a field further south where his stunts could not be seen by his employers.
Corrigan moved from job to job as an aircraft mechanic using his employers' planes to develop his flying skills. He gained his transport pilot's certificate in October 1929, and in 1930, started a passenger service between small East Coast towns, with his friend Steve Reich. The most lucrative part of the business turned out to be barnstorming displays promoting short recreational plane rides. Despite business success, after a few years, Corrigan decided to return to the West Coast. In 1933, he spent $310 on a used 1929 Curtiss Robin OX-5 monoplane and flew it home, where he returned to work as an aircraft mechanic and began to modify the Robin for a transatlantic flight.
Transatlantic flier
New York Post headline.
Having installed an engine built from two old Wright Whirlwind J6-5 engines (affording 165 hp (123 kW) instead of the 90 hp (67 kW) of the original) and extra fuel tanks, Corrigan applied to the Bureau of Air Commerce in 1935, seeking permission to make a nonstop flight from New York to Ireland. The application was rejected; his plane was deemed unsound for a nonstop transatlantic trip, although it was certified to the lower standard for cross-country journeys.
Over the next two years, Corrigan made repeated modifications and reapplications for full certification, but none succeeded. Indeed, by 1937, after extensive modifications in the face of increasing regulation, his aircraft was refused renewal of its licence because it was deemed to be too unstable for safe flight. His autobiography expresses his exasperation with official resistance and he is widely thought to have responded by deciding that year to make an unofficial crossing.
Although he never admitted it, he apparently planned a late arrival at New York so that he could refill his tanks and leave for Ireland after airport officials had gone home from work. Mechanical problems extended his unapproved inbound flight to nine days, which delayed him beyond the Atlantic "safe weather window", and he returned to California. As a result of this trip, he named his plane Sunshine, however, federal officials notified Californian airfield officials that Sunshine was not airworthy and it was grounded for six months.
Corrigan fueling his Robin. (National Air & Space Museum permanent collection; Artist: Brian Moose)
On 9 July 1938, Corrigan again left California for Floyd Bennett Field, Brooklyn, New York. He had repaired the engine (taking his total spent on the aircraft to about $900), gained an experimental licence, and obtained permission for a transcontinental flight with conditional consent for a return trip. With the Robin cruising at 85 miles per hour (137 km/h) for maximum fuel efficiency, the outward journey took him 27 hours. Fuel efficiency became critical towards the end of the flight: a gasoline leak developed, filling the cockpit with fumes.
Upon his unannounced arrival at Floyd Bennett Field, in the midst of Howard Hughes' preparations for takeoff on a world tour, Corrigan decided repairing the leak would take too long if he was to meet his schedule. His logged flight plan had him returning to California on July 17. He wanted to take off from Floyd Bennett that same night, but the manager of Floyd Bennett Field, Kenneth P. Behr, persuaded Corrigan to wait until first light. Before take off, Corrigan asked Behr which runway to use, and Behr told him to use any runway as long as he didn't take off to the west, in the direction of the administration building where Behr had his office. As recorded in Corrigan's autobiography, Behr wished him "Bon Voyage" prior to take-off, perhaps in a nod to Corrigan's intentions to fly the Atlantic. Upon take off at 5:15 in the morning with 320 gallons of gasoline and 16 gallons of oil, Corrigan headed east from the 4,200-foot (1,300 m) runway of Floyd Bennett Field and kept going. (Behr later swore publicly he had no pre-knowledge of Corrigan's intentions.)
Corrigan claimed to have noticed his "error" after flying for about 26 hours. This is not entirely consistent with his claim that after 10 hours, he felt his feet go cold; the cockpit floor was awash with gasoline leaking from the unrepaired tank. He used a screwdriver to punch a hole through the cockpit floor so that the fuel would drain away on the opposite side to the hot exhaust pipe, reducing the risk of a midair explosion. Had he been truly unaware he was over ocean, it seems likely he would have descended at this point; instead, he claimed to have increased the engine speed by almost 20% in the hope of decreasing his flight time.
He landed at Baldonnel Aerodrome, County Dublin, on July 18, after a 28-hour, 13-minute flight. His provisions had been just two chocolate bars, two boxes of fig bars, and a quart of water.
Corrigan's plane had fuel tanks mounted on the front, allowing him to see only out of the sides. He had no radio and his compass was 20 years old. As the journalist H. R. Knickerbocker reported:
As I looked over it at the Dublin airdrome I really marveled that anyone should have been rash enough even to go in the air with it, much less try to fly the Atlantic. He built it, or rebuilt it, practically as a boy would build a scooter out of a soapbox and a pair of old roller skates. It looked it. The nose of the engine hood was a mass of patches soldered by Corrigan himself into a crazy-quilt design. The door behind which Corrigan crouched for twenty-eight hours was fastened together with a piece of baling wire. The reserve gasoline tanks put together by Corrigan, left him so little room that he had to sit hunched forward with his knees cramped, and not enough window space to see the ground when landing.
Despite this he arrived in good shape.
Aviation officials took 600 words to list the regulations broken by his flight in a telegram (a medium that encourages brevity by charging at a rate per word). Despite the extent of Corrigan's illegality, he received only a mild punishment; his pilot's certificate was suspended for fourteen days.
He and his plane returned to New York on the steamship Manhattan and arrived on August 4, the last day of his suspension. His return was marked with great celebration. More people attended his Broadway ticker-tape parade than had honored Lindbergh after his triumph, but Corrigan was disappointed that his hero never acknowledged his achievement. He was also given a ticker tape parade in Chicago.
Later life
Retailer sample of Corrigan's autobiography That's My Story consisting of only the first chapter and all the illustrations followed by blank pages. The sales blurb pasted to the front cover explains it all.
Corrigan wrote his autobiography, That's My Story, within months of the flight; it was published for the Christmas market on 15 December 1938. He also endorsed 'wrong-way' products including a watch that ran backwards. The following year, he starred as himself in RKO Radio Picture's The Flying Irishman (1939), a movie biography. The $75,000 he earned was the equivalent of 30 years income at his airfield jobs.
According to a letter written to a fan in 1940, Corrigan claimed to have "no hobbies except working on airplanes or machinery". When the United States entered World War II, he tested bombers and flew in the Ferry Command, a division of the Air Transport Command. In 1946, he gained less than 2% of the vote running for the U.S. Senate as a member of the Prohibition Party, running against Republican William F. Knowland. He then worked as a commercial pilot for a small California airline.
Corrigan retired from aviation in 1950 and bought an 18-acre (73,000 m2) orange grove in Santa Ana, California. He lived there with his wife and three sons until his death on December 9, 1995. He knew nothing about raising oranges, and said he learned by copying his neighbors. His wife died in 1966, and Corrigan sold most of his grove for development, keeping only the ranch-style house. One of the streets in the 93-house estate is named after him. He became reclusive after one of his sons died in a private plane crash on Santa Catalina Island, California in 1972, In 1988, however, he joined in the golden anniversary celebration of his famous "wrong way" flight, allowing enthusiasts to retrieve the Robin from its hanger. The plane was reassembled and the engine was run successfully. Corrigan was so excited that the organizers placed guards at the plane's wings while he was at the show and considered tethering the tail to a police car to prevent him from taking off in it. Later, Corrigan became elusive about the plane's location. It was rumored he had dismantled the plane, storing it in several locations to prevent its theft.
Pop cultural references and legacy
"Wrong Way" in popular culture
Corrigan's "error" caught the imagination of the depressed American public and inspired many jokes. The nickname "Wrong Way' Corrigan" passed into common use and is still mentioned (or used as satire) when someone has the reputation for taking the wrong direction. For example:
Corrigan was directly referenced in the 1938 Three Stooges short Flat Foot Stooges. Curly states, "Hey, we're doing a Corrigan!" after realizing they are heading in the wrong direction of the fire they need to extinguish.
Corrigan was indirectly referenced in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show; "Wrong Way" was the name used for Captain Peter "Wrong Way" Peachfuzz, the world's worst sailor.
Corrigan was indirectly referenced in the 1960s sitcom Gilligan's Island, in first-season episodes titled "Wrong Way Feldman" and "The Return of Wrongway Feldman". He was portrayed by character actor Hans Conried.
Jean Shepherd discussed him and his book in a radio broadcast originally aired August 4, 1969. He says James Thurber based one of his short stories on Corrigan's adventure.
Charles Hammer authored the book "Wrong-Way Ragsdale" about a child who accidentally steals an airplane. In the fourth chapter, the child narrator mentions that he liked to think of himself as sneaky as Wrong-Way Corrigan and so called himself Wrong-Way Ragsdale.
Corrigan appeared as himself in the long-running television game show, To Tell The Truth, one day shy of 19 years to the day after his famous takeoff: on July 16, 1957. During that show, he said that "I had my pilot's license suspended for 5 days while I was on the boat coming back home... That's all." As noted above, however, his license was actually suspended for 14 days, much longer than a transatlantic boat trip ordinarily took. He also said that his only cargo was water, cookies, and gum.
He is directly referenced in the Gobots toy line and animated series Challenge of the Gobots in the heroic, if navigationally challenged Guardian Gobot named Wrong Way, who himself turns into a helicopter that often has to be told which way to head by his companions.
Corrigan's legacy
Among aviation historians, Douglas Corrigan is remembered as one of the brave few who made early transoceanic flights. On his death in 1995, he was buried at Fairhaven Memorial Park in Santa Ana. His memorial is a small horizontal plaque bearing a facsimile of the signature that he gave to enthusiastic autograph hunters.
References
'Corrigan Off On Mystery Hop', Allentown Morning Call (Allentown, PA, USA), July 18, 1938. p. 1
'Douglas "Wrong Way" Corrigan', Find A Grave Cemetery Records, (2000). Retrieved December 22 2005.
'The Flying Irishman (1939)', Internet Movie Database (2004). Retrieved August 25 2005.
Important Autographs with Fine Antiques & Decorative Arts Auction Catalogue, (Falls Church, VA: Quinn's Auction Galleries, February 16 2004).
Corrigan, Douglas. That's My Story (New York: E.P. Dutton, 1938)
Fadiman, Clifton. The Little, Brown Book of Anecdotes, (New York: Little, Brown, 1985) ISBN 0-316-27301-5
Fasolino, Chris. 'The Adventures of Wrong-Way Corrigan', The History Net (2001). Retrieved August 24 2005.
Fraser, Chelsea Curtis. Famous American Flyers, (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1941)
Fyn, Chip. 'The Story of Wrong Way Corrigan', Fiddler's Green (April 2003). Retrieved August 24 2005.
Knickerbocker, H. R. Is Tomorrow Hitler?, (New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1941)].
Marsh, Diann. 'Wrong Way Corrigan', Santa Ana History. Retrieved August 24 2005.
Onkst, David H. 'Douglas "Wrong Way" Corrigan', US Centennial of Flight Commission. Retrieved August 24 2005.
Sears, Stan. 'Corrigan Way: Right or Wrong, He Made His Mark on History', Airport Journals (March 2005)]. Retrieved August 24 2005.
Thomas Jr., Robert McG. "Douglas Corrigan, 88, Dies: Wrong-Way Trip Was the Right Way to Celebrity as an Aviator", New York Times, December 14 1995.
Wallechinsky, David & Wallace, Irving 'Where Are They Now? Flying Irishman Douglas Corrigan'. Trivia-Library.com (1981). Retrieved November 22 2005.
External links
Douglas Corrigan at Find a Grave
[Photographs of Wrong Way Corrigan's plane at Baldonnel Aerodrome, Dublin Ireland]
Categories: 1907 births | 1995 deaths | American aviators | People from Galveston, Texas | American autobiographers
I am flying Embraer RJ145 Amazon Economy/Coach Class american airlines, do they have wifi?
I am also flying
1,Airbus A320-100/200 Economy/Coach Class
2,McDonnell Douglas MD80 Economy/Coach Class
3,Canadair Regional Jet Economy/Coach Class
do any of these have wifi?
also can i use my phone and ipod touch if i turn them to airplane mode before i get on the plane?
Also may i use my laptop?
http://www.seatguru.com/airlines/American_Airlines/American_Airlines_MD-80.php
The MD80 is the only one of your flights that has wifi.
Ultra High Bypass Jet Engine Green Technology Airline Flight Test
The A-4 Skyhawk was featured as an aggressor aircraft in the film Top Gun. Producers reimbursed the US Navy $8,600 an hour for flight time used in the movie.
A Skyhawk from the Israeli Air Force is featured the opening scene of the film The Sum of All Fears and on the cover of the first and second editions of the novel the movie was based on.
A-6 Intruder
The 1991 film Flight of the Intruder centered around two naval aviators during the Vietnam War that take their A-6 Intruder on an unauthorized bombing raid on Hanoi.
A-10 Thunderbolt II
The Transformers toy character of Wingblade as a robot and A-10 Thunderbolt II by Hasbro
The evil Gobots character Bad Boy and the heroic Transformers character Powerglide both disguise themselves as A-10 Thunderbolt IIs.
The popularity of the A-10s in the 2007 Transformers film led to the toy company releasing a minor character named Wingblade and another called Powerglide, that turned into A-10s.
A-10s were featured as the aircraft used by the human resistance to the machines of Skynet in the 2009 film Terminator Salvation.
A6M Zero
The A6M Zero was featured in the movies The Final Countdown, Pearl Harbor, and Tora! Tora! Tora!. The Zero was also depicted in the 1976 film Midway; however real Zeros were not used. Instead F4F Wilcats were painted as Japanese aircraft and used instead.
Adam A500
The Adam A500 was featured in the 2006 film Miami Vice and was intended to be the drug runners aircraft of choice.
Adam Aircraft CEO Rick Adam stated at the time the aircraft was cast in the film, in a self-promotional press release:
The Adam Aircraft A500 is the ideal airplane for 'Miami Vice'. The A500 signature twin-boom profile reaches the level of high style and high performance necessary to meet the standards of a Michael Mann production, and the footage we've seen shows off the airplane's extraordinary look, along with its superior speed and maneuverability.
AH-64 Apache
The AH-64 Apache had a major role in the movie Fire Birds (or Wings of the Apache).
The Transformers character Spinister disguises himself as an Apache helicopter.
Antonov An-225
For the fictional An-500 aircraft seen in the film 2012 see List of fictional aircraft
The Decepticon character Jetstorm from the 2007 Transformers movie line is based on the Antonov An-225. This toy shares its body design with Cybertron Jetfire, Classics Fireflight and Universe Air Raid.
Avro Ashton
An Avro Ashton, in its six-engined, Olympus testbed form appeared as the fictitious Phoenix airliner in Cone of Silence (1960), based on the novel of the same name by David Beaty, a former BOAC pilot. This concerned the take-off problems of the Phoenix, and the subsequent accident investigation; it was based on two take off accidents to the de Havilland Comet.
Avro Canada CF-100
The Tintin comic book character drawn by Albert Weinberg, Major Dan Cooper, was a RCAF test pilot, predominately flying the CF-100.
Avro Lancaster
Len Deighton's novel Bomber describes an attack by Royal Air Force Avro Lancasters on Krefeld, Germany during which a series of unplanned incidents leads to the carpet bombing of a small town nearby.
The Lancaster was central to the second half of the British film The Dam Busters. This film is a dramatisation of the real-life Operation Chastise, which included the forming of the real-life RAF 617 Squadron commanded by Wing Commander Guy Gibson, who was awarded the VC, and the real-life bombing of the Mohne, Eder and Sorpe dams in Germany to interrupt water and hydro-electric power supplies to Nazi munitions factories. The film is based upon the books The Dam Busters by Paul Brickhill and Enemy Coast Ahead by Guy Gibson.
Avro Vulcan
The Avro Vulcan figures in Anthony Gray's 1965 novel The Penetrators, in which an RAF officer attempts to demonstrate a weakness in the North American strategic defense system NORAD by launching a mock attack involving nine Vulcans and some Vickers Valiant tankers for inflight refuelling.
The Avro Vulcan is also used in the Bond film Thunderball.
B-1 Lancer
The 1983 James Bond film Never Say Never Again features a cruise missile launch from a B-1 Lancer (although a sequence in which cruise missiles are loaded onto the B-1 was filmed with a Concorde SST substituting for the B-1's undercarriage).
The Tranformers Decepticon named Windsweeper disguises himself as a B-1 Lancer.
The B-1 appeared in the movie Real Genius as the carrier for a laser.[citation needed]
B-2 Spirit
The B-2 Spirit appeared in the films The Sum of All Fears and Independence Day.
B-17 Flying Fortress
The B-17 Flying Fortress was the subject of the movie Memphis Belle.
B-17s also figured prominently in the Oscar-winning 1949 film Twelve O'Clock High starring Gregory Peck. The film focuses on aviation leadership and the human toll in the USAAF strategy of daylight precision bombing. The US Air Force cooperated in the production of the film, loaning aircraft to the producers and allowing filming at Eglin Air Force Base and at Ozark Field. The film featured an actual crash landing of a B-17, piloted by veteran stunt pilot Paul Maniz. The film led to a TV series of the same name, again featuring the B-17.
The B-17 figures prominently in the book KG 200 by J.D. Gilman and J. Clive about the secret Luftwaffe unit KG 200, which tested and flew many captured Allied aircraft.
B-25 Mitchell
The B-25 Mitchell was the focus of the second half of the 2001 film Pearl Harbor, although critics complained that the bomber and its role were being depicted inaccurately.
The B-25 is featured in the 1961 novel Catch-22 translated into the 1970 Catch-22 (film) which had a large number of film unit B-25s in flying condition.
The B-25 also had feature roles in the movies: Thirty Seconds over Tokyo (1944) (one pilot's account of the Doolittle Raid), Hanover Street (1979) based a fictional B-25 unit stationed in England, Forever Young (1992), following a B-25 test pilot's story both in the past and present.
B-29 Superfortress
The B-29 Superfortress has played an important role in several Hollywood films, particularly as that dubbed the Enola Gay which dropped the first atomic bomb. The Enola Gay was depicted in Above and Beyond and The Beginning or the End. Film makers also used the only B-29 still flying in 1983 in the movie The Right Stuff to recreate the launch of the Bell X-1 for the first supersonic flight.
B-36
The Convair B-36 featured prominently in Paramount's Strategic Air Command (1955), starring James Stewart (a real life bomber pilot who was then still in the Air Force Reserve). The film features many good aerial shots of B-36s and was primarily filmed at Carswell AFB, Texas and in the Tampa, Florida area. One shot that was particularly difficult to shoot was where Stewart's character, a baseball player was standing on a baseball field and a B-36 flew overhead, casting a shadow over him and symbolizing his coming recall to active service. In the film this character is forced to crash land his B-36 in the Arctic.
B-52 Stratofortress
The 1957 Karl Malden film Bombers B-52 gives a fictional account of the B-52's introduction into service at Castle Air Force Base.
A B-52 was a focal point of the novel Trinity's Child, by William Prochnau, and the TV film adaptation By Dawn's Early Light.
The B-52 was also a key part of Stanley Kubrick's 1964 black comedy film Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb and in A Gathering of Eagles.
Bell X-1
The Bell X-1 was depicted early in the film The Right Stuff. The movie showed the historic flight of the X-1 becoming the first aircraft to break the sound barrier. This achievement helped usher in the US space program that was the subject of the rest of the film.
Bell 47
The 1950s American television series Whirlybirds starred a pair of Bell 47 helicopters. The association with Whirlybirds continues to be used in order to promote helicopters and the Bell 47 in particular. A Bell 47 was also one of the 'stars' of the Australian television series Skippy the Bush Kangaroo.
The Bell 47, in its miltary configuration as a H-13 Sioux, was central to the television series M*A*S*H, as well as the movie of the same name.
Bell 206
Chopper Squad was a 1970s Australian television series about a Bell 206 JetRanger used for rescue work in Sydney. The helicopter used was an actual rescue helicopter operated by the Westpac Life Saver Rescue Helicopter Service.
Boeing 314
The Ken Follett novel Night Over Water is the story of a group of people who are travelling from England to the United States in a Boeing 314 at the beginning of World War II.
Boeing 707
The Boeing 707 serves as the platform for the real-life E-3 Sentry, an airborne warning and control aircraft. In the novel "Debt of Honor", the E-3s operated by the US were high priority targets for the air forces of Japan.
Boeing 747
The Boeing 747 was featured in the film Executive Decision as the location of a terrorist hijacking. It was also prominent in the novel and the film The Sum of All Fears as the National Airborne Operations Center during a nuclear showdown with Russia.
A 747-146 was the title subject of the movie Air Force One, portraying the real 747-200 that transports the President of the United States.
The 747 was depicted several times in the best selling novel "Debt of Honor". Most prominently, the aircraft was used in a suicide attack on the US Capitol building, killing the President, most of the cabinet and the congress who were present for a joint session of the United States Congress. This event laid the premise for the novel "Executive Orders", another best seller.
Boeing 767
The Boeing E-767 (a commercial 767 configured as an airborne early warning and control aircraft), was central to the plot in the novel Debt of Honor. During a war between the US and Japan, the E-767s were considered valuable assets to be protected by the operating Japanese and high priority targets for the US military.
Bcker Bestmann
In the film The Great Escape, the characters played by James Garner and Donald Pleasance steal a Bcker B 181 Bestmann from a German airfield in a bid to fly to neutral Switzerland, however the aircraft develops engine problems and crashes.
CASA 2.111
Several ex-Spanish Air Force CASA 2.111s were used as "stand-ins" to depict German Heinkel He 111 bombers in the film Battle of Britain.
Concorde
The Concorde was a central feature in the disaster film The Concorde ... Airport '79. A French Concorde was leased for filming from the manufacturers.
The Transformers character Silverbolt turns into a Corcorde.
Dassault Mirage 2000
The Mirage 2000-5 featured prominently in the 2005 French film Les Chevaliers du Ciel (The Knights of the Sky in literal translation, released as Sky Fighters in English-speaking territories).
The Transformers character Needlenose disguises himself as a Dassault Mirage 2000.
de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver
The de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver was central to the film Six Days Seven Nights. The actual flying in the movie was done by its star, Harrison Ford, who enjoyed flying the Beaver so much that he bought the plane after filming was completed.
de Havilland Fox Moth
The novel Round the Bend by Nevil Shute is the story of two men, both British Licenced Aircraft Engineers. A large number of different aircraft types, both fictitious and real, feature in the book. The narrator and one of the protagonists of the story is Tom Cutter, and the novel details his efforts to establish an air charter business in Bahrain immediately after World War II. His first aircraft is a de Havilland Fox Moth; it is later joined by several other aircraft as the business expands, mostly fictitious, but among them a Percival Proctor.
de Havilland Hornet Moth
The novel Hornet Flight by Ken Follett is a thriller of the Resistance against the Nazi occupation of Denmark in World War II. In the novel a de Havilland Hornet Moth is used by the protagonists to fly from Denmark to the United Kingdom with information about a German radar system. The author drew inspiration from an actual flight that took place during World War II.
de Havilland Mosquito
De Havilland Mosquitos feature prominently in the 1964 film 633 Squadron alongside actors Cliff Robertson and Harry Andrews. The film was notable for its use of genuine, airworthy aircraft, rather than models, for many of the scenes.
Mosquitos also play the title role of the 1969 film Mosquito Squadron, starring David McCallum and Charles Gray.
de Havilland Vampire
The de Havilland Vampire was central to the plot of the novella, The Shepherd by British novelist Frederick Forsyth, the story of an RAF pilot attempting to fly home for Christmas from RAF Celle, Germany to RAF Lakenheath on Christmas Eve 1957. The fact that the DH.100 was not fitted with ejection seats until about 10 years later, and hence was a major challenge to bail out of, is an important element of the story.
Vampire jets also feature in the 1966 novel Shooting Script by former RAF pilot and thriller writer Gavin Lyall.
A French Air Force Vampire appears in the 1954 French-language comic La grande menace by Jacques Martin, the first featuring investigative journalist Guy Lefranc; it was destroyed while engaging an unidentified helicopter.
EB-66
The film Bat*21 featured an EB-66 being shot down over North Vietnam in the beginning of the movie. The rest movie depicted the real life events surrounding the rescue of LTC Iceal Hambleton, who was the only survivor of the 6 man crew.
Eurocopter Tiger
A prototype Eurocopter EC 665 Tiger attack helicopter played a starring role in the 1995 James Bond movie GoldenEye. In the movie, a prototype Tiger is stolen by Gen. Arkady Ourumov and his associate Xenia Onatopp as part of a plot to steal the GoldenEye control disk for the Janus crime syndicate.
F-4 Phantom II
The Gobots character Mach 3 and the Transformers character Fireflight both turn into F-4 Phantom IIs.
F4F Wildcat
F4F Wildcats left over from World War 2 were used to film the critical aerial battle scenes in the movie Midway.
F4U Corsair
The Chance Vought F4U Corsair was a regularly featured aircraft in the television series Baa Baa Black Sheep (later renamed Black Sheep Squadron).
F-5 Tiger
The F-5 Tiger played the part of an enemy aircraft in Top Gun.
F-14 Tomcat
The Grumman F-14 Tomcat was the central to the movie Top Gun. The aviation themed film was such a success in creating interest in naval aviation that the US Navy, who assisted with the film, set up recruitment desks outside some theaters. Producers paid the US Navy $886,000 as reimbursement for flight time of aircraft in the film. An hour of flight time for the F-14 was billed at $7,600.
It also appeared in the film The Final Countdown and the television series JAG. The Tomcat was a central part of the Stephen Coonts novel Final Flight. Four F-14s were later shown in the movie Executive Decision.
F-15 Eagle
The Transformers characters Thundercracker, Skywarp and Starscream as F-15 Eagle jets in a Marvel Comics story
The F-15 Eagle is one of the most recognized modern fighters; this has led to, or perhaps even been aided by, its common use in children's toys. The Transformers toy line and media has featured numerous characters who turn into F-15 Eagles, the most notable being the villain Starscream in 1984 and a group of similar Decepticons, the Seekers Acid Storm, Thundercracker, Skywarp and Sunstorm. Although completely unrelated design to the others, the Autobot Air Raid also disguises himself as an F-15.
The F-15 is featured in the film Air Force One. The Eagle was also shown in advertisements for the film Thirteen Days. The ads were withdrawn when it came to the attention of New Line Cinema that the F-15, which first flew in 1972, was out of place for a movie set in 1962. This was problematic for New Line who had termed the film a "by-the-numbers recreation" and "close to perfect." "Every ship, plane, truck and craft that moves in the film is absolutely authentic to the time period," said Steve Elzer, a spokesman for New Line. Mr. Elzer said the advertisement was created by an outside agency.
Air battles between F-15s were depicted in the novel Debt of Honor. The battles were not only significant to the plot, but unusual in that both sides were operating the same aircraft against each other.
F-16 Fighting Falcon
The F-16 Fighting Falcon was featured in the film The Sum of All Fears. The Falcon was also one of the stars of the movie Iron Eagle. The U.S. Air Force refused to assist with production of the film because they found the plot about a teenager flying the F-16 into a foreign country to be "a little off the wall".
The Transformers Aerialbot Skydive and Decepticon Dreadwind disguise themselves as F-16s.
F/A-18 Hornet
The F/A-18 Hornet appeared multiple times in the film Tears of the Sun, most notably in the final, climactic battle, helping to save the surviving SEAL team members.
The F/A-18F, a two seat variant, was featured in the film "Behind Enemy Lines". The movie centers around a Super Hornet being shot down over Bosnia. The film led to a lawsuit by Scott O'Grady, a US Air Force pilot who was downed over Bosnia and spent several days evading capture as did the movie characters. O'Grady alleged that the film was based on his experience.
F-22 Raptor
The F-22 Raptor has been featured in numerous books, such as Tom Clancy's Debt of Honor in which a lengthy mission by F-22s dominates the last part of the book; and Clive Cussler's Dark Watch. In Cussler's book, an F-22 embarks on a secret mission to take out a Syrian foe. In Debt of Honor, the F-22 represented the newest in stealth technology being used by the United States against advanced Boeing E-767 AWACS aircraft that were being operated by Japan.
The Raptor has appeared in movies as well. Despite appearing in the 2003 Hulk film, the F-22 made its major Hollywood debut in the 2007 film Transformers as the form taken by the Decepticon character Starscream in addition to numerous USAF fighters that engaged during the initial and climactic battles. The movie crew was allowed to film actual Raptors in flight, unlike previous computer-generated appearances, because of the military's support of director Michael Bay. The Raptors were filmed at Edwards Air Force Base. The real Raptor made its next big screen appearance in Iron Man.
Toys released for Starscream were replica F-22 Raptors models. These models were reused for other characters in the line, like Thundercracker, Skywarp and Ramjet, that also turned into F-22 Raptors.
Although the 2007 Transformers film made Starscream the most well known Transformer that turns into an F-22, there were other F-22 Transformers before it. For instance the 1997 Machine Wars versions of Megatron and Megaplex turned into F-22s.
F-35 Lightning II
The first major film appearance of a representation of a F-35 Lightning II was in Live Free or Die Hard (released as Die Hard 4 outside North America) in 2007. The film used a combination of a full-scale model and CGI to significantly dramatize its hovering ability using the lift fan.
The Transformers character of the Autobot Breakaway and his redeco the Decepticon Thrust from the Revenge of the Fallen toy both disguise themselves as F-35s. Breakaway appears as a playable character in the 2009 Revenge of the Fallen video game.
F-117 Nighthawk
The Nighthawk appeared in the 2007 movie Transformers.
Grumman X-29
The Transformers Autobot named Dogfight disguises himself as an X-29.
Harrier Jump Jet
The Harrier family's unique VTOL characteristics have led to them being featured in a number of films and flight simulator programs.
The Harrier Jump Jet appeared in a 1966 episode of The Saint called "Flight Plan", as an experimental aircraft called the Osprey.
The aircraft also appeared in the film True Lies, in which the character played by Arnold Schwarzenegger flies an AV-8B.
The Transformers Autobot named Slingshot disguises himself as a Harrier.
In the Revenge of the Fallen Decepticon character Dirge also became a Harrier, this design was later used for the Decepticon Jetblade.
The Harrier briefly appeared in the beginning of The Living Daylights.
The Hawker Hurricane was featured in the film Battle of Britain. Three airworthy Hurricanes were located and used for the filming.
Hispano HA-1112
Hispano Aviacin Ha 1112 Buchon
At least 24 former Spanish Air Force Hispano Aviacin HA-1112s were used as flying and non-flying "stand-ins" to depict Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighters of the Luftwaffe in the film Battle of Britain. In the mid-1960s at the time aircraft began to be collected for the the film to be made, the only genuine Bf 109s known to exist were non-flyable examples in museums such as the Imperial War Museum and the South African National Museum of Military History or in private hands, whereas the HA-1112 was just being retired from service with the Spanish Air Force and flyable examples were plentiful.
MC-130 Combat Talon
The Lockheed MC-130 Combat Talon was featured as the rescue aircraft in the film Air Force One, performing a daring mid-air rescue of the President and his family as Air Force One is failing and going into the Atlantic Ocean.
Mikoyan MiG-29
The Mikoyan MiG-29 is the alternate form of the figure Dreadwing as well as his redecos Overcast and Fearswoop from the 2007 and 2009 Transformers movie toy lines.
A squadron of MiG-29s fight against F-15s in Air Force One.[citation needed]
Nieuport 17
The Nieuport 17 was one of the main aircraft featured in the movie Flyboys.
O-2 Skymaster
An unmodified Cessna 337 painted gray played the part of an O-2 Skymaster in the motion picture Bat*21, as the plane flown by Danny Glover.
P-38 Lightning
Von Ryan's Express (1965) begins with main protagonist, USAAF Colonel Joseph Ryan (Frank Sinatra) crash landing a P-38 Lightning in WWII Italy, where he is then captured as a POW.
A Guy Named Joe (1943) has Spencer Tracy returning as a guiding spirit looking after young P-38 pilot Van Johnson.
Yamamoto shot down! (1944, B&W, 4:00) The P-38 Squadron that shot down Admiral Yamamoto after a long distance interception in the Pacific is depicted. The film includes purported P-38 gun camera footage of the Admiral's Betty bomber going down in flames.
P-38 Reconnaissance Pilot (1944, B&W, 29:00) Starring William Holden as Lt. "Packy" Cummings, this short feature shows that photo recon pilots (photo Joes) had one of the riskiest, highest impact jobs in the war.
P-40
In the John Wayne movie: Flying Tigers, (1942) real Curtiss P-40s are featured. A New York Times critic called the P-40 "the true stars" of the film. Republic Studios also built replicas for the film due to material shortages during the war.
Future US President Ronald Reagan appears in the Identification Of The Japanese Zero (Training Film) (1942) as a young pilot learning to recognize the difference between a P-40 and a Japanese Zero. In this film Reagan mistakes a friend's P-40 for a Japanese Zero and tries to shoot it down. In the end, Reagan gets a chance to shoot down a real Zero.
In the film God is My Co-Pilot (1945), based on Robert Lee Scott, Jr's book about the Flying Tigers and the USAAF pilots who replaced them in the Republic of China and Burma, a mix of real P-40 and "movie" P-40s are featured.
In Tora! Tora! Tora! (1970), P-40s are depicted at the attack on Pearl Harbor, both being shot up on the ground and shooting down Zeros.
Panavia Tornado
The Royal Air Force's ground attack aircraft, the Panavia Tornado, featured extensively in the television pilot Strike Force, produced in the 1990s for ITV in the UK. Strike Force did not enter series production.
The Transformers character Darkwing disguises himself as a Panavia Tornado.
P-47 Thunderbolt
Fighter Squadron, (1948, Color), Director: Raoul Walsh, Cast: Edmond O'Brien, Robert Stack. Depicts a P-47 Thunderbolt unit based loosely on the 4th Fighter Group (sometimes known as "Blakeslee's Bachelors"). The 4th FG flew P-47s in combat from April 1943 to March 1944, when they converted to P-51 Mustangs. In this film, the German Bf 109s are actually painted P-51s. Much of what was depicted with the P-47s (e.g., the fighter escorts going all the way to Berlin, one pilot bailing out over enemy territory and his buddy landing to pick him up) actually happened with P-51s in real life.
Czech composer Bohuslav Martin paid a tribute to the aircraft with his scherzo for orchestra. It was premiered 19 December 1945 in Washington, D.C..
Steve Earle's song "Johnny Come Lately" is about an American P-47 pilot in World War II; it contains a verse "My P-47 is a pretty good ship/ She took a round comin' cross the channel last trip."
P-51 Mustang
The P-51 Mustang was featured in the film The Tuskegee Airmen.
Percival Proctor
The most prominent of the real aircraft in Nevil Shute's Round the Bend is a war-surplus Percival Proctor, which is used by the protagonist Constantine Shak Lin (also known as Connie Shaklin) to tour Asia to spread his teachings. At the end of the book the Proctor is the basis of a shrine to Shaklin and his new creed, laid up in a hangar in a state of uncompleted maintenance for pilgrims to view.
In 1968, three Proctors were remodelled with inverted gull wings and other cosmetic alterations to represent Junkers Ju 87s in the film Battle of Britain.
Piper Cherokee
The character Pussy Galore in the James Bond film Goldfinger is the leader of "Pussy Galore's Flying Circus", a group of women who fly Piper Cherokees. In the film the arch-villain uses the Cherokees in his plan to deprive the United States government of the gold in Fort Knox.
SH-2G Super Seasprite
The Transformers Combaticon named Vortex disguises himself as an SH-2G.
Sikorsky MH-53
The Sikorsky MH-53 is also featured in the 2007 Transformers film as the alternate mode of Blackout. Production designer Jeff Mann stated "the Pave Low looks butch... the size made it the logical choice." Toys for Blackout were MH-53 replicas, which were reused for the characters of Evac, Spinister and Whirl.
The heavier CH-53E Super Stallion is the alternate form for the Decepticon Grindor in the film Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen.
The Super Stallion also appeared in the film The Sum of All Fears.
Sopwith Camel
The First World War Sopwith Camel fighter features prominently in the Biggles stories of W E Johns such as the collections: The Camels Are Coming, and Biggles of the Camel Squadron.
Space Shuttle orbiter
The Transformers Combaticon named Blast Off and the Autobot Sky Lynx both disguise themselves as Space Shuttle orbiters.
SR-71 Blackbird
Although retired from service for over a decade, the SR-71 Blackbird appears in form of the character Jetfire, an over-the-hill Transformer near the end of his days, in the film Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen and its toy line, which are SR-71 models.
Supermarine Spitfire
The 1942 movie The First of the Few is a dramatization of the life of R. J. Mitchell, mostly concerning his work on the Spitfire.
The Supermarine Spitfire was a central part of the film Battle of Britain, a fictionalized account of the real Battle of Britain that one critic called "the definitive depiction of war in the air". The movie led to an increase in the popularity of the aircraft among collectors of warbirds. According to one property dealer the appearance "did for Spitfires what the James Bond films did for the Aston Martin." Producers secured 35 airworthy Spitfires for use in the movie.
The Spitfire was also the main aircraft used in the 1988 television series Piece of Cake. The series was based on a novel by the same name. Pilots in the novel flew the Hawker Hurricane, but the lack of airworthy Hurricanes forced the producers to change aircraft types, using five reconditioned Spitfires.
The 1951 film Malta Story centered around Spitfires and their pilots defending Malta in 1942.
Supermarine Swift
The second prototype Supermarine Swift appeared as the Prometheus in the 1952 film The Sound Barrier.
Thurston Teal
A Teal TSC 1A1 appears in the long opening shots of the 1973 iconic horror film The Wicker Man.
Lockheed U-2
The U-2 made an important appearance in the movie Thirteen Days as the aircraft that initially detected Soviet missiles being deployed in Cuba.
UH-1 Iroquois
The UH-1 Iroquois (commonly called the Huey) was a central part of the film We Were Soldiers. The helicopter was shown ferrying troops into the Ia Drang valley as part of the then new concept of air cavalry. The film particularly focused on the flights of Major Bruce Crandall, who was later awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for his actions while piloting his UH-1 during the battle depicted in the film. Four of the UH-1s used were provided by the Georgia Army National Guard.
The UH-1 was an important part of the movie The Green Berets. The production company paid $18,623.64 for the material, the eighty-five hours of flying time by UH-1 helicopters, and thirty-eight hundred man-days for military personnel taken away from their regular duties.
UH-60 Black Hawk
The UH-60 Black Hawk was the title aircraft in the movie Black Hawk Down. Filmmakers paid the US Department of Defense about $3 million to ship eight helicopters and about 100 crew members to the film location in Morocco.
Blackhawks were also featured in the film "Air Force One", again having been rented from the US military.
V-22 Osprey
Two CV-22 Ospreys (of only three in the USAF inventory at the time) were filmed in flight at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico, in May 2006 for the 2007 Transformers film. This would inspire a host of Transformers toys and characters based on the Osprey including the Decepticons Incinerator and Ruination as well as the Autobots Springer and Blades.
V-22s play prominent roles in several novels by Dale Brown, most particularly, Hammerheads which features an MV-22 on the cover.
In the TV series Stargate: Atlantis, Lt. Colonel John Sheppard contrasts flying a V-22 Osprey "You had to use your hands and feet with that one." to piloting the Ancients' city of Atlantis in the season three finale "First Strike". He gives the impression that it will be easier to fly the city - "This one you just have to sit down and think... Fly."
XB-70 Valkyrie
The Transformers character of Silverbolt was upgraded to an XB-70 Valkyrie for the Universe line as an Ultra class toy.
See also
G-BDXJ a retired Boeing 747 used for film and television work.
References
Notes
^ Wohl, p. 112
^ Wohl, p. 113
^ Wohl, p. 114
^ aerofiles.com (undated). "List of aviation movies (U to Z)". http://aerofiles.net/film-u.html. Retrieved 2010-01-16.
^ Wohl, p. 117
^ Turner Classic Movies (2010). "Wings (1927) - notes on the production". http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title.jsp?stid=504086&category=Notes. Retrieved 2010-01-17.
^ Wohl, p. 115
^ filmsite.org (2009). "List of Academy Award winners for Best Picture". http://www.filmsite.org/bestpics3.html. Retrieved 2010-01-16.
^ Wohl, p. 93
^ a b c Wohl, p. 109
^ Wohl, pp. 109-112
^ a b Osborn, Bob (undated). "Tullio Crali: the Ultimate Futurist Aeropainter (simultaneita.net)". http://simultaneita.net/tulliocrali.html. Retrieved 2010-01-17.
^ Wohl, p. 56
^ a b Lamar, Jacob (November 24, 1986). "The Pentagon Goes Hollywood". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,962933-1,00.html. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
^ a b c Halloran, Richard (August 31, 1986). "Pentagon can shoot down movie details". New York Times. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=l5sMAAAAIBAJ&sjid=emADAAAAIBAJ&pg=6815,7170538&dq=aircraft+in+movies&hl=en. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
^ Vaughn, Cliff (May 30, 2002). ""The Sum of All Fears"". Ethics Daily. http://ethicsdaily.com/news.php?viewStory=878. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
^ Clancy, Tom (1992). "The Sum of All Fears". Penguin Group. pp. 8. http://books.google.com/books?id=kP84eUjxv-MC&pg=PA8&lpg=PA8&dq;=+"sum+of+all+fears"++a-4&source=bl&ots=QY-iK9-Baz&sig=R206ypJZJ5ey5_C31YWm-Hl8KUw&hl=en&ei=61hfS_O3E9CVtgeQ5ZDvCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CCYQ6AEwCTgU#v=onepage&q=&f=false. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
^ Clancy, Tom (1991). "Sum of All Fears (first edition)". pp. Cover. http://books.google.com/books?id=cnBaAAAAMAAJ&dq;=+"sum+of+all+fears"++a-4. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
^ Clancy, Tom (1991). "Sum of All Fears (second edition)". pp. Cover. http://books.google.com/books?id=y2iTZYYPZjgC&dq;=+"sum+of+all+fears"++a-4. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
^ Canby, Vincent. "Flight of the Intruder". New York Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/17804/Flight-of-the-Intruder/overview. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
^ a b Hasbro (2008). "Spring 2008 Toys R Us Exclusives". http://web.archive.org/web/20080501215205/http://www.hasbro.com/transformers/default.cfm?page=News/Item&newsid=4EC7EA7D-D56F-E112-46AC70D02754072E. Retrieved 2009-12-08.
^ Nichol, Joseph McGinty, Director. (2009) (in English). Terminator Salvation. [film]. United States.
^ a b c d "Star Quality". Air & Space Magazine. September 1, 2006. http://www.airspacemag.com/flight-today/popculture.html. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
^ Persall, Steve (May 27, 2001). "More romance than history". St. Petersburg Times. http://www.sptimes.com/News/052701/news_pf/Floridian/More_romance_than_his.shtml. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
^ Wilonsky, Robert (May 24, 2001). "Bora! Bora! Bora!". Houston Press. http://www.houstonpress.com/2001-05-24/film/bora-bora-bora/. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
^ Murray, Joe (June 11, 1990). "Texas Air Museum Takes Shape". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. pp. 11A. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wyYhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZnoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2871,98636&dq=zero+tora-tora-tora&hl=en. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
^ a b Kleiner, Dick (October 6, 1975). "Making War for Movies". Pittsburgh Press. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pDAcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rlkEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2296,2553595&dq=aircraft+in+movies&hl=en. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
^ a b MicroLightJets.com News (July 2006). "Adam Aircraft Announces A500 Aircraft Featured in 'Miami Vice', the Movie". http://www.microlightjets.com/news/adamaircraft_06_0705_Adam-Aircraft-Announces-A500-Aircraft-Featured-in-Miami-Vice-the-Movie.htm. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
^ Bellomo, Mark. Transformers Identification and Price Guide, p. 197. 2007
^ Cone of Silence, Davis Beaty, 1959, Great Pan Books
^ "Concorde archive." concordesst.com. Retrieved: 8 October 2009.
^ Bellomo, Mark. Transformers Identification and Price Guide, p. 194. 2007
^ a b c d e Seelye, Katharine (June 10, 2002). "When Hollywood's Big Guns Come Right From the Source". NY Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/10/us/when-hollywood-s-big-guns-come-right-from-the-source.html?fta=y. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
^ Kilday, Gregg (October 26, 1990). "Final Mission". Entertainment Weekly. pp. Issue #37. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,318436,00.html. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
^ "Famous stunt flyer dies in film crash". Montreal Gazette. July 9, 1965. pp. 35. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=yZMtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Y58FAAAAIBAJ&pg=7185,1597797&dq=famous+airplane+film&hl=en. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
^ Gilman & Clive (1978), p. 314.
^ Snow, Richard (May 25, 2001). "Pearl Harbor: How Real Is It?". American Heritage. http://www.forbes.com/2001/05/25/0525pearlharbor.html. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
^ Heller, Joseph (1961). Catch 22. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 453. ISBN 0 684 83339 5.
^ Farmer, James H. "The Catch-22 Air Force." Air Classics, Volume 8, No. 14, December 1972.
^ Dolan Edward F. Jr. Hollywood Goes to War. London: Bison Books, 1985. ISBN 0-86124-229-7
^ Dolan Edward F. Jr. Hollywood Goes to War. London: Bison Books, 1985. ISBN 0-86124-229-7
^ Clarkson, Wensley. Mel Gibson: Man on a Mission. London: John Blake, 2004. ISBN 1-85782-537-3
^ Lifton, Robert; Mitchell, Greg (July 30, 1995). "Hiroshima Films: Always a Political Fallout". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/30/movies/film-hiroshima-films-always-a-political-fallout.html?pagewanted=1. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
^ a b Wilford, John (October 23, 1983). "Ingredients of 'The Right Stuff'". New York Times. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4rcMAAAAIBAJ&sjid=CV4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6888,7655936&dq=movie+usaf&hl=en. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
^ "USAF, Paramount combine to shoot difficult scene". St. Petersburg Times. March 24, 1954. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=v_UNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=a3oDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3905,4173501&dq=movie+usaf&hl=en. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
^ Bombers B-52 (1957)
^ Tucker, Ken (June 8, 1990). "By Dawn's Early Light". Entertainment Weekly. pp. Issue #17. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,317524,00.html. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
^ Southern, Terry (2009). "Checkup with dr Strangelove". http://www.filmmakermagazine.com/fall2004/line_items/strangelove.php. Retrieved 2010-01-11.
^ "Sick SAC". Time. July 26, 1963. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,870298,00.html. Retrieved 15 February 2010.
^ Rhodes, Joey and Rodriguez, Danny (2003). "The New Whirlybirds". http://www.newwhirlybirds.com/NEW WHIRLYBIRDS HEADLINES.html. Retrieved 2010-01-17.
^ a b Storey, Don (2008). "Classic Australian TV - Chopper Squad". http://www.classicaustraliantv.com/ChopperSquad.htm. Retrieved 2010-01-17.
^ "Air and Aircraft: Bell 47". California Science Center. http://www.californiasciencecenter.org/Exhibits/AirAndSpace/AirAndAircraft/Bell47G5/Bell47G5.php. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
^ Follett, Ken. "Night Over Water - official website". http://www.ken-follett.com/bibliography/night_over_water.html. Retrieved 2010-01-14.
^ a b c d e f Clancy, Tom (1994). Debt of Honor. NYC: G.P. Putnam's Sons. ISBN 0-399-13954-0.
^ a b c Kemper, Bob (September 8, 1996). "The Military And the Movies". Daily Press. p. 2. http://articles.dailypress.com/1996-09-08/features/9609060045_1_pentagon-fighter-recruitment/2. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
^ a b Larson, Gary (November 1, 1997). "The Making of Air Force One". Air & Space/Smithsonian. http://www.avweb.com/news/reviews/182370-1.html. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
^ a b c Maslin, Janet (July 25, 1997). "Just a Little Turbulence, Mr. President". NY Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/25/movies/just-a-little-turbulence-mr-president.html?pagewanted=1. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
^ "Trivia for 'The Great Escape (1963)'". Internet Movie database. Undated. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0057115/trivia. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
^ "Full Synopsis for 'The Great Escape (1963)'". Turner Classic Movies. Undated. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title.jsp?stid=15860&category=Full Synopsis. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
^ a b c Chapman, John and, Goodall, Geoff (1992). Warbirds Directory: an International Survey of the World's Warbird Population. Mansfield, Notts: Warbirds Worldwide. pp. 185.
^ "Concorde Accident". Awww.concordesst.com. http://www.concordesst.com/accident/203a.html. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
^ a b Schroeder's Collectible Toys: Antique to Modern Guide By Sharon Huxford, Bob Huxford
^ Transformers Identification and Price Guide by Mark Bellomo, 2007, page 196
^ Hunt, Mary (FEBRUARY/MARCH 2005). "The Passions of Harrison Ford". Grand Magazine. pp. 34-36. http://www.grandmagazine.com/article.asp?id=112. Retrieved 5 February 2010.
^ a b Shute, Nevil (1968). Round the Bend. London: Pan. ISBN 0330020188.
^ O'Hara, Bob. "633 Squadron." The Making of the Great Aviation Films, Volume 2, 1989.
^ Letter to Flight (1968)
^ "Book Review: The Shepherd by Frederick Forsyth." lovereading.co.uk, 2009. Retrieved: 19 October 2009.
^ Smith, Miles A. "Book review: Whiz-bang Foreign Adventure." The Free-Lance-Star, 6 May 1966. Retrieved: 19 October 2009.
^ Leduc, Fabrice. "Martin Jacques: The greatest threat." yozone.fr. Retrieved: 19 October 2009.
^ Dean, Paul (November 15, 1980). "Tale of an aging warrior's valor in Vietnam". LA Times. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ZZUpAAAAIBAJ&sjid=N6cEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3170,3798432&dq=bat-21&hl=en. Retrieved 14 February 2010.
^ "Warbird part of air museum exhibit". Osceola News Gazette. January 7, 2010. http://oscnewsgazette.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5398&Itemid=9. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
^ a b Lindsey, Robert (May 27, 1986). "'TOP GUN:' INGENIOUS DOGFIGHTS". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/27/movies/top-gun-ingenious-dogfights.html?&pagewanted=all. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
^ "Navy retires F-14 op Gun jet". Associated Press. September 22, 2006. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14958926. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
^ Shaer, Matthew (July 21, 2009). "Inside the news: The F-22 Raptor warplane". Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/Innovation/Horizons/2009/0721/inside-the-news-the-f-22-raptor-warplane. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
^ Vartabedian, Ralph (September 10, 1986). "The Pentagon is a big help for the right military movie". LA Times. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=HW4pAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9OkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6799,2509554&dq=military+hollywood&hl=en. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
^ Briese, Beau (July 2001). "Action Figures From The '80s". http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1000438,00.html. Retrieved 2009-12-09.
^ Transformers Identification and Price Guide by Mark Bellomo, 2007, page 85
^ "Ads for Missile-Crisis Movie Are Pulled Because of Errors". New York Times. January 13, 2001. http://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/13/us/ads-for-missile-crisis-movie-are-pulled-because-of-errors.html. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
^ Transformers Identification and Price Guide by Mark Bellomo, 2007, page 87, 199
^ "Willis in good action hero form with Tears of the Sun". Las Vegas Mercury. March 6, 2003. http://www.lasvegasmercury.com/2003/MERC-Mar-06-Thu-2003/20806823.html. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
^ Tatara, Paul (November 29, 2001). "'Enemy Lines' slam-bang silliness". CNN. http://archives.cnn.com/2001/SHOWBIZ/Movies/11/29/review.enemy.lines/index.html. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
^ "Pilot sues over Bosnian escape movie". BBC News. August 20, 2002. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2205560.stm. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
^ Cussler, Clive. Dark Watch. New York: Berkley Books, 2005. ISBN 0-425-20559-2
^ a b Miles, Donna. "Movie makers team with military to create realism." American Forces Press Service, 21 June 2007. Retrieved: 23 November 2008.
^ Michael Bay's DVD audio commentary for Transformers, 2007, Paramount/DreamWorks.
^ "The F22 Raptor heads to the screen". Crave Online. September 25, 2007. http://www.craveonline.com/entertainmentfilm/article/the-f22-raptor-heads-to-the-screen-65267. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
^ Gray, Simon. "One-Man Riot Squad." American Cinematographer Volume 88, issue 7, July 2007. p. 32.
^ Yee, Benson (May 2009). "Revenge of the Fallen Breakaway Toy Review". http://www.bwtf.com/toyreviews/rotf/deluxe/breakaway. Retrieved 2010-02-20.
^ Bellomo, Mark. Transformers Identification and Price Guide, p. 168. 2007
^ CBS Interactive (2010). "The Saint: Flight Plan". http://www.tv.com/the-saint/flight-plan/episode/135086/summary.html. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
^ Bellomo, Mark. Transformers Identification and Price Guide, p. 87. 2007
^ Yee, Benson (2009). "Revenge of the Fallen Dirge Toy review". http://www.bwtf.com/toyreviews/rotf/deluxe/dirge/. Retrieved 2010-01-19.
^ mi6.co.uk (undated). "Harrier Jump Jet (The Living Daylights)". http://www.mi6.co.uk/sections/q-branch/harrierjumpjet.php3?t=mi6&s=tld. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
^ a b c Burman, Mark (September 11, 2009). "The Battle of Britain: the mother of all air battles". UK Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/starsandstories/6175448/The-Battle-of-Britain-the-mother-of-all-air-battles.html. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
^ Yee, Benson (2008). "Transformers 2007 Movie Overcast Toy Review". http://www.bwtf.com/toyreviews/movie2007/overcast. Retrieved 2010-01-19.
^ Briggs, Caroline (May 14, 2005). "Actors learn to fly for war movie". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4547873.stm. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
^ Talcott, Christina (September 22, 2006). "'Flyboy' Rises Above Villainous Past". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/21/AR2006092100453.html. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
^ Internet Movie Data Base (2009). "Bat*21". http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0094712/. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
^ Von Ryan Express
^ Hardwick, Jack and Ed Schnepf. "A Viewer's Guide to Aviation Movies." The Making of the Great Aviation Films. General Aviation Series, Volume 2, 1989
^ Boyne, Walter J., Artwork by Zaur Eylanbekov (March 2008). "Airpower Classics P-38 Lightning". http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Magazine Documents/2008/March 2008/0308classics.pdf. Retrieved 2010-02-23.
^ You Tube (February 2010). ""Reconnaissance Pilot"". http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0dn4COqsoY. Retrieved 2010-02-23.
^ Van Gelder, Lawrence (September 22, 1996). "Movies this week". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/22/tv/movies-this-week-441961.html. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
^ Church, Harlow (January 6, 1943). "Film Makers Learn to Share". Pittsburgh Press. pp. 21. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=AcwaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=f0wEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3580,1545824&dq=film+flying-tigers&hl=en. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
^ Ronald Reagan - Identification of the Japanese Zero (Training Film)
^ "Film Tribute to Air Heroes". St. Pete Times. April 21, 1945. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OlAwAAAAIBAJ&sjid=xk4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=7467,4139418&dq=film+flying-tigers&hl=en. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
^ BFI library (undated). "Strike Force (1995 television pilot)". http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/529442?view=synopsis. Retrieved 2010-02-22.
^ Transformers Identification and Price Guide by Mark Bellomo, 2007, p. 199.
^ "Fighter Squadron (1948)." imdb.com. Retrieved: 21 November 2009.
^ Vojtek, Filip. "Bohuslav Martin napsal skladbu nazvanou P-47 Thunderbolt (Bohuslav Martin composed a scherzo titled P-47 Thunderbolt) (in Czech)." Hloubkari.cz, 27 July 2007. Retrieved: 5 February 2010.
^ Steve Earle - Johnny Come Lately Lyrics
^ Armstrong, Doree (July 31, 2003). "Tuskegee Airmen seek a 'double victory'". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. http://www.seattlepi.com/lifestyle/106517_fam31.shtml. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
^ Jackson, A.J. British Civil Aircraft since 1919, Volume 3. London: Putnam, 1974. ISBN 0-370-10006-9.
^ "Goldfinger synopsis". MI6 - The Home of James Bond 007. Undated. http://www.mi6.co.uk/sections/movies/gf_synopsis.php3?t=mi6&s=gf. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
^ Lande, David (September 1, 2008). "Live and Let Fly: Real pilots rate the performance of the airplanes in James Bond flicks". Air & Space/Smithsonian. http://www.airspacemag.com/history-of-flight/Live_and_Let_Fly.html. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
^ Bellomo, Mark. Transformers Identification and Price Guide, p. 114. 2007
^ "The Making Of The Transformers Movie - Production Design: The Robots, The Vehicles, The Sets". ENI. 15 June 2007. http://enewsi.com/news.php?catid=190&itemid=11213. Retrieved 2007-09-13.
^ "Wheels On Film: Transformers: Revenge Of The Fallen". Telegraph.co.uk, 6 July 2009.
^ Harris, Roger (undated). "The Camels are Coming". http://www.biggles.info/Details/01/. Retrieved 2010-01-12.
^ Harris, Roger (undated). "Biggles of the Camel Squadron". http://www.biggles.info/Details/03/. Retrieved 2010-01-12.
^ Bellomo, Mark. Transformers Identification and Price Guide, p. 101, 112. 2007
^ Hasbro (2008). "TRANSFORMERS: REVENGE OF THE FALLEN - Leader JETFIRE". http://www.hasbro.com/shop/details.cfm?guid=38049C09-19B9-F369-D906-BE5F6E2B12F7&product_id=24498&src=endeca. Retrieved 2009-12-09.
^ Internet Archive
^ Britmovie
^ McSmith, Andy (April 22, 2009). "Killer looks seduce property man". NZ Hearld. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10567818. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
^ Voorhees, John (July 6, 1990). "It's Easy To Get Up About Something Like `Piece Of Cake'". Seattle Times. http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19900706&slug=1080871. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
^ Ward, Henry (August 6, 1955). "Alec Guiness stars in Malta Story". Pittsburgh Press. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BeMeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=y00EAAAAIBAJ&pg=7289,1061476&dq=film+spitfire+aircraft+|+plane+-grill&hl=en. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
^ Andrews, CF; Morgan, EB (1987). Supermarine Aircraft since 1914 (2nd ed.). London: Putnam. p. 284. ISBN 0 85177 800 3.
^ The registration is clearly visible as G-AZXN
^ Travers, Peter (December 18, 2000). "Thirteen Days". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/movie/5948687/review/5948688/thirteen_days. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
^ Galloway, Joseph (February 2002). "Hollywood gets Vietnam right this time". VFW Magazine. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0LIY/is_6_89/ai_n27578784/. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
^ Shaughnessy, Larry (February 27, 2007). "Vietnam hero on fim gets highest honor for valor". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/02/26/crandall.medal.of.honor/. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
^ "Georgia National Guard is in the Movies". Georgia Department of Defense. March 2, 2001. http://www.dod.state.ga.us/firstfriday/march01stfriday.html. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
^ Smith, Julian (1975). Looking Away: Hollywood and Vietnam (1st ed.). New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-0684139548.
^ Scalf, Russell (26 May 2006). "Ospreys in flight". United States Air Force. http://www.af.mil/news/story_media.asp?id=123021212.
^ Ponder, Arlan (5 June 2006). "Movie project transforms Holloman". 49th Fighter Wing Public Affairs, United States Air Force. http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123021221.
^ Simmons, Larry A. (3 July 2007). "'Transformers' put Airmen, aircraft on big screen". Air Force News Agency. United States Air Force. http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123059424.
^ Seibertron.com (July 2007). "New Images of Transformers Movie "Allspark Power" Figures, Cliffjumper, Brawl Repaint and More!". http://www.seibertron.com/news/view.php?id=11280&f_cat=&f_year=&f_keyword=incinerator. Retrieved 2010-01-19.
^ Born, Dale (1991). Hammerheads. Berkley Books. ISBN 0425126455. http://books.google.com/books?id=w3QmgHta0jMC&q=Hammerheads+Dale+Brown&dq=Hammerheads+Dale+Brown&ei=yGssSc6uBozckASdrLGwBQ&pgis=1. Retrieved 25 November 2008.
^ Dialogue with Dr. Rodney McKay during the season three finale First Strike.
Gilman J.D. & Clive J. (1978). KG 200. London: Pan Books Ltd.. pp. 315. ISBN 0-85177-819-4.
Gray, Anthony (1965). The Penetrators. London: Souvenir Press. ISBN 0-85177-819-4.
Wohl, Robert (2005). The Spectacle of Flight: Aviation and the Western Imagination, 1920-1950. Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University Press. ISBN 0-300-10692-0.
Further reading
Call, Steve (2009). Selling Air Power: Military Aviation and American Popular Culture After World War II. Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 160344100X.
Van Riper, A. Bowdoin (2004). Imagining Flight: Aviation and Popular Culture. College Station, Texas, USA: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 1-58544-300-x.
Categories: Fictional aircraft | Popular culture | United States Marine Corps in mediaHidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from March 2010 About the Author
Three Most Dangerous Landing Mistakes Pilots Make and How to Prevent Them
Over-shoot, under-shoot, loss of directional control, wing tip strikes ... are all symptoms of mistakes made BEFORE the pilot touches down. Mistakes that are easily prevented - but not necessarily in a way you might think.
I landed at the Nuttree Airport in a Cessna 172 in 1968. I felt pretty smug. It was a very smooth landing, one of those landings that you could hear but not feel. Then a wind gust picked me up and I landed a second time on a parallel taxiway. The pilot taxiing in the opposite direction was kind enough (or perhaps stunned enough or frightened enough) to hold short of a turn-off so I could move over to the parking apron. I couldn't look him in the eye as we went past. I mumbled some excuses to my passengers that I didn't believe. I had just made the three biggest (and most common) mistakes a pilot can make when landing.
Determined to never let that happen again, I spend a great deal of time in the intervening 40 years thinking about how to prevent these mistakes. The NTSB says that a full 45% of the weather-related accidents are caused by crosswinds and gusts. I believe it. It is time to introduce some little known techniques that help prevent these accidents. But first, we should look at their causes.
Landing too fast is caused by flying the approach too fast or trying to force the airplane to land before it is ready. The solution is to fly a consistent approach at the same airspeed, picking a safe projected glide point (or PGP), and controlling the PGP until you land. But hold the airplane a foot or so off the runway until the airplane nose has rotated up to the landing attitude. Hold that attitude until the airplane lands. That way you will land at the right speed.
Failing to cross control in a crosswind leads to ground loops, being blown off the side of the runway (the MOST common cause of accidents in the United States), wing tip damage, or, in my case, flying over the infield and landing on a taxiway. To put it simply, cross controlling is using the rudder to keep the long axis of the airplane parallel to the long axis of the runway and using the ailerons to keep the airplane positioned over the runway. This guarantees that you will keep the airplane moving straight down the runway after the wheels touch.
Quit flying the plane before the plane is through flying is one of the most dangerous mistakes that a pilot could make. Its cause is lack of concentration. Its solution is good flying habits.
I was lucky at the Nuttree. If the crosswind had been coming from the opposite side, I could have been blown into a canal. Remember that just because the main gear is on the ground does not mean that there is no 'fly' left in the airplane. Also remember that if you keep the airplane just above the runway until it absolutely, positively will not fly any more, then it will an unusually strong gust to put it in the air again.
It is easy to be lulled into the bad habits that lead to these mistakes. When the wind is gentle and the runway is long, all will be forgiven. So the question is: how to keep these bad habits from developing?
Let me introduce two exercises that have helped my students far more than I could have ever imagined. They are the 'very slow Dutch roll' and the 'controlled projected glide' point. Neither is difficult or dangerous. Both simplify and strengthen any pilot's ability to land.
The very slow Dutch roll is a simple exercise done at a safe altitude. It teaches two very important skills. First the pilot learns to continuously move the stick and rudders to control the airplane as conditions change, and second, the pilot learns how to cross control the airplane in the most extreme circumstances.
Here is how to do a very slow Dutch roll. Pick a point on the horizon and hold it steady as you change the angle of bank, airspeed and flap configuration. Maintain constant altitude. Change your bank very slowly. Continue to increase the angle of bank until either the aileron or the rudder is pushed to its limit. This is the angle of bank for the maximum crosswind that the airplane can land in. The cross controlled airplane slowly accelerates to the side for a minute or two. During this time, the pilot must move the flight controls continuously - an unanticipated benefit of this exercise when I thought it up.
Let me tell you about the projected glide point or PGP. When you approach the runway your eye will naturally gravitate toward a point on the runway that does not move in your field of vision. The phenomenon is much like when you are on a collision course with another airplane: it stays still in your field of vision but just gets bigger. Well, there is always a point on the ground where exactly the same thing happens. This is the point that you would glide to if you never made that last little flair to land. This is an extremely important concept that can save you many hours of landing practice. I never heard another flight instructor talk about it but I am sure that many pilots use this technique.
You can control the PGP with power and drag while keeping the airspeed constant. To move the PGP closer to you, reduce the engine's power or increase the airplanes drag - usually with flaps. To move the PGP away from you, increase the engine's power or decrease the airplane's drag.
Put the two concepts together to make consistent, safe landings. Once established on final, use the center line of the runway as your reference point for very slow Dutch rolls. Use the ailerons to position the airplane on the extended centerline, the rudder to keep the long axis of the airplane parallel to that extended centerline. Move the PGP to the same place every time. I recommend the runway threshold. Consciously continue cross controlling until the airplane slows to a taxi.
These two simple techniques will get you to the same place on the runway every time in a landing configuration that compensates for crosswinds or gusts until the airplane is going so slow that you can taxi to parking.
About the Author
Doug Daniel is a flight instructor who has written numerous articles. He is the author of an amazing new ebook that will rocket your aviation career forward by teaching you how to master the most important flying techniques in 50% of the usual time or your money back.
Flying Secrets
How is air travel a luxury when A) The Judiciary says it is a right and B) Many businessmen MUST use airplanes?
A)
Corfield v. Coryell, 6 Fed. Cas. 546 (1823), the Supreme Court recognized freedom of movement as a fundamental Constitutional right. In effect travel is a right.
In Paul v. Virginia, 75 U.S. 168 (1869), the Court defined freedom of movement as "right of free ingress into other States, and egress from them."
Kent v. Dulles, 357 U.S. 116 (1958) Justice William O. Douglas held that the federal government may not restrict the right to travel without due process
B) A businessman that HAS to be in California tomorrow morning cannot reasonably conduct business. FLIGHT IS NOT LUXURY.
A. The Courts say that travel is a right. They never say any particular MODE of travel is a right. Air carriers are legally allowed to bar specific people from flying on their planes.
B. No one HAS to travel, it's a choice. The business person CHOOSES to go to CA. If he doesn't go, he may lose some business or lose his job, but that's the consequence of his choice.
Air travel is a convenience. Whether it's a luxury or not depends on your definition of luxury.
US $1.57
![[ AIRLINES POSTCARD ] NATIONAL AIRLINES DOUGLAS DC-10](http://www.greatwesternair.com/images/e/130642646405_0.jpg)
